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My Class 2 > Science Chemistry Grade 10 Unit Test > Flashcards

Science Chemistry Grade 10 Unit Test Flashcards

1
Q

What are ionic compounds?

A

Compounds that are made from metal and a non-metal ions which are attracted by positive charges.

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2
Q

How does an ion form?

A

An element loses or gains electrons.

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3
Q

What is the group of elements that are cations?

A

Usually metals

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4
Q

What is the group of elements that are anions?

A

Usually non-metals

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5
Q

How to name IONIC COMPOUNDS from formula?

A
  1. don‘t put in subscripts
  2. metal name first, non-metal name second
  3. change ending to „ ide“
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6
Q

How to write the formula for IONIC COMPOUNDS from the name?

A
  1. Write the symbols
  2. Write ionic charge above the element symbol
  3. Cross-multiply the charges
  4. Write the values as subscripts and reduce if there is a common factor.
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7
Q

What are multitalented metals?

A

Elements that are stable ions with more than 1 charge.

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8
Q

What are polyatomic ions?

A

An ion that is made up of a group of atoms that are bonded together and have a single net charge.
Polyatomic ions are made up of only non-metals

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9
Q

How to name POLYATOMIC IONS from the formula?

A
  1. Write the name of the metal.
  2. Write the name of polyatomic ion
  3. Write the valency of metal in brackets if needed
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10
Q

How to write the formula for POLYATOMIC IONS from the name?

A
  1. Follow cross-cross rule
  2. For the polyatomic ion, place it in the brackets before cross-multiplying.
  3. Write the subscripts and reduce if there is a common factor. Take the polyatomic ion out of brackets if the subscript is 1
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11
Q

What are molecular compounds?

A

Compounds that share electrons to form a covalent bond. Molecular compounds are formed from non-metals.

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12
Q

What is a covalent bond?

A

A bond in which atoms share electrons

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13
Q

What are diatomic molecules?

A

Two of the same atoms joined by a covalent bond

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14
Q

Name the diatomic elements

A

HOFBrINCl

When writing the formula, write them with a subscript of “2”.

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15
Q

How to name MOLECULAR COMPOUNDS from the formula?

A

Use prefixes for the subscript number:
1 - mono
2 - di
3 - tri
4 - tetra
5 - penta
The prefix -mono is dropped on the first atom.
When prefix is followed by oxide, “o” and “a” are dropped
Hydrogen doesn’t require a prefix unless it is an acid

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16
Q

How to write the formula for MOLECULAR COMPOUNDS from the name?

A

Write the symbols. use the prefix to write the subscript.

17
Q

How to write a WORD equation for a reaction?

A
  1. Write the name of the elements
  2. Indicate their states of matter (s), (l), (g), (aq)
  3. Add the “ = “ and “+” signs
18
Q

Lewis Dot Diagram

A

Contains the element symbol and # of valence electrons

19
Q

Lewis Dot Diagram for Ionic compounds

A
  1. Write the symbols
  2. Draw the dots
  3. Show how electrons are transferred
  4. Put in brackets and write charge
20
Q

Lewis Dot Diagram for Molecular compounds

A
  1. Draw the diagram for each element
  2. Circle the shared electrons
  3. Each shared pair is written as a bond. Draw a line for each shared pair instead of dots circled
21
Q

Synthesis /Combination Reaction

A

A + B = AB

Reactant + reactant = 1 product

22
Q

Decomposition reaction

A

AB = A + B

23
Q

Single Displacement Reaction

A 
A + MN = AN + M (if A is a metal)
A + MN = MA + N (if A is a non-metal)
M - usually a metal 
N - usually a non-metal
Note: cations always go first
24
Q

Double Displacement Reaction

A

AB + CD = AD + CB
First and last go together
inner go together

25
Q

Combustion reaction

A

Hydrocarbon reacts with oxygen gas from the air and transfers energy to the surroundings as light and heat. The products of a combustion reaction are called oxides.. Always forms CO2 and water vapour as products.

26
Q

Neutralization Reaction - Double displacement

A

Happens with acids
Base and Acid react
The result is water and salt

27
Q

Which Ph is the most acidic? The least acidic?

A 
Ph = 0 is the most acidic
Ph = 14 is the least acidic
28
Q

Properties of Acids (5)

A
  • acids release hydrogen ion (H+) into water solution
  • Acids neutralize bases in a neutralization reaction
  • acids corrode active metals
  • Acids turn blue litmus paper to red
  • acids taste sour
29
Q

Properties of Bases (5)

A
  • bases release hydroxide ion (OH) into water solution
  • bases neutralize acids in a neutralization reaction
  • bases denature (change characteristic of a substance) protein
  • bases turn red litmus paper to blue
  • bases taste bitter
30
Q

How to identify acids?

A
  • The chemical formula starts with H

- The chemical formula ends with COOH

31
Q

How do you identify bases?

A
  • The chemical formula starts with metallic ion/ ammonium ion (NH4) and ends with OH
32
Q

What are Binary acids?

A

Binary compounds that contain H and non-metal. They are distinguishable from ordinary binary compounds by the (aq) notation, which means the compound is dissolved in water

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