Chemistry: Unit 1 Test Flashcards
(53 cards)
Name 3 rules from the Safety Notice and their purpose
- Always listen to instructions. Always follow instructions
- this will help prevent accidents - Never eat or drink in a laboratory
- prevent infections and poisoning - When conducting an experiment, always stand up; never sit down
- allows you to move away quickly in the event of an accident
What does WHMIS stand for?
Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System
- gives employers key safety handling information and Material Data sheets (MSDS)
WHMIS pictogram review
10 total, thier meaning, name, symbol and harm
Element definition
A pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means;
A substance conposed entirely of only one kind of atom
Compound definition
A pure substance that can be broken down by chemical means to produce tow or more pure substances;
A substance containing atoms of more than one element in fixed proportions
Examples of element and compound
Element: iron (Fe), copper (Cu), oxygen (O)
Compound: water (H2O) and salt (NaCl)
Metal definition
An element that is a conductor of electricity, malleable, ductile and lustrous (shiny)
SATP definition
(Standard Ambient Temperature and Pressure)
Exactly 25 degrees C and 100kPa
STP definition
(Standard Temperature and Pressure)
Exactly 0 degrees C and 101.325 kPa
“Empirical definition” definition
A statement that defines an object or process in terms of observable properties
Nonmetal definition
Generally nonconductors of electricity in their solid form, are brittle
Metalloid definition
An element located near the “staircase line” on the periodic table; having some metallic and some nonmetallic properties
IUPAC Definition
(International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry);
International body that approves chemical names, symbols and units
Why is it important to have IUPAC?
- establishes rules for chemical names and symbols
- helps name new elements
- ensures a way for chemical symbols and elements to be understood worldwide
- simplifies communication
Matter definition
Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space.
What are chemical changes and what are their characteristics?
Changes that produce new kinds of matter with different properties. Characteristics: - usually irreversible - gas is produced - heat or light is formed - new substance formed - colour change
What are physical changes and what are their characteristics?
Form of matter is altered, but one substance is not transformed into another Charcateristics: - usually reversible - phase changes - magnetism - (non-soluble) mixtures - crystallization - alloys
What is the periodic law
(Modern) when elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic number, their properties show gradual change and recurrence
What is a group and a period?
Group: elements arranged in vertical column; elements sorted by having the same chemical properties
Period: arranged in horizontal row; properties change from metallic to nonmetallic
Describe Alkali metals
- soft, silver-coloured elements
- exhibit metallic properties
- found in the 1st group on the PT
- very reactive
(Solids at SATP)
Describe Alkaline Earth Metals
- light, very reactive metals
- exhibit metallic properties
- found in the second group on PT
- form oxide coatings exposed to air
(Solids at SATP)
Describe Transition Metals
- wide range of chemical and physical properties
- characteristically strong
- hard metals
- found in groups 3-12
- Good electricity conductors
- variable reactivity
Describe Noble Gases
- extremely unreactive
- found in Group 18 on the PT
(Gases at SATP)
Describe Halogens
- nonmetallic properties (non lustrous and nonconductors of electricity)
- extremely reactive (especially with hydrogen and metals)
(solids, liquids or gases at SATP)
