biology unit

Question 1

Hierarchy

Answer 1

a graded or ranked series that has nothing to do with importance (e.x cells are the building blocks of tissues, tissues are the building blocks of organ systems, organ system’s are the building blocks of organs and organs make up organisms.)

Question 2

Cell theory

Answer 2

1. all living organisms are made up of one or more cells
2. all cells come from pre existing cells
3. the cell is the basic orginizational unit of life

Question 3

Chromatin

Answer 3

found in nucleus complex of proteins and holds DNA which is the blue print for the organism

Question 4

Chromosome

Answer 4

a threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes.

Question 5

Sister chromatid

Answer 5

One individual identical part of the chromosome

Question 6

Double helix

Answer 6

DNA forms a long winding shaped called a helix. The helix has to main strands making it a double helix

Question 7

DNA building blocks and pairs

Answer 7

Adenine + Thymine
Cystine + guanine

Question 8

What does the order of DNA building blocks indicate

Answer 8

the DNA building blocks is what determines are genetic code

Question 9

Genes

Answer 9

found in the DNA and controls cell activities and much of it’s structure. Most genes also provide the cell with the code for making proteins.

Question 10

How are proteins created

Answer 10

The genetic code is a message that determines the production of specific proteins which all work together to allow the organism to function.

Question 11

Proteins importance

Answer 11

Each protein is designed to do a specific job example build a body part, carry a material or transfer signal etc.

Question 12

What is a Karyotype and what does it allow us to see

Answer 12

A Karyotupe is a picture of all of a cells individual chromosomes lined up in pairs in order of decreasing size. The karyotype doesn’t show errors in DNA production but can tell you if the organism has an to many, to little or broken chromosomes.

Question 13

Why do cells need to divide

Answer 13

To repair, prevent cells from getting to big and dying due inadequate nutrient consumption, and so an organism can grow.

Question 14

Cell cycle

Question 15

Interphase

Answer 15

When the nucleus must make a copy of it’s chromatin, the chromatin then condense to form a double - stranded chromosomes joined in the middle by a centromere.
consist of
growth phase 1
synthesis and
growth phase 2

Question 16

Growth phase 1

Answer 16

The cell is growing and producing proteins and organelles.

Question 17

Synthesis

Answer 17

The cell makes a identical copy of/synthesizes it’s chromatin

Question 18

Growth phase 2

Answer 18

The cell produces organelles and structure necessary for mitosis to occur

Question 19

Mitosis phases

Answer 19

Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, and Telophase

Question 20

Prophase

Answer 20

Chromosomes become large and condenses
nucleolus and nuclear membrane break down and begging to disappear
spindle fibers form from centrioles

Question 21

Metaphase

Answer 21

Spindle fibers fully form and pull replicated chromosomes into a line across equator
Chromosomes attach to spindle fibers by the centromere

Question 22

Anaphase

Answer 22

Spindle fibers begin shorten
Centromere gets pulled apart
Each sister chromatid travels to opposite poles of cell along spindle track

Question 23

Telophase

Answer 23

Complete set of sister chromatid on each pole in cell
Spindle fibers disappear
Nuclear membrane reforms around chromosomes
Nucleolus reappears
Single stranded chromosomes start to uncoil back into chromatin

Question 24

Cytokinesis

Answer 24

Cytoplasm begins to be divided into two cells.

Question 25

Cytokinesis steps in animal cells

Answer 25

1. microfilaments form around center of cell 2. microfilaments constrict forming cleavage furrow 3. cell completely pinched by cleavage furrow two separate cells form

Question 26

Cytokinesis steps in plant cells

Answer 26

1. carbohydrate rich vesicles form around center of cell 2. vesicles fuse and cell plate begins to form 3. Cell plate fully formed creating two separate cells

Question 27

Cell cycle check point

Answer 27

Specialized proteins throughout cell cycle that ensures process is carried out correctly At each check point proteins act like stop signs if error occurs in cell division

Question 28

Cell division will not occur if

Answer 28

Error in DNA replication There are not enough nutrients DNA is damaged