Biology Unit 3

Question 0

What effect does a greater difference in concentration do to diffusion?

Answer 0

When there is a larger concentration difference (Concentration Gradient) there is a faster rate of diffusion.

Question 1

What is diffusion?

Answer 1

The movement of a particles of a liquid or gas from an area of high concentration to low concentration.

Question 2

What is the difference in concentration called in diffusion?

Answer 2

Concentration Gradient.

Question 3

Give an example of diffusion.

Answer 3

Diffusion of CO2 and O2 out and in cells.

Question 4

What is the difference between Osmosis and Diffusion?

Answer 4

Diffusion is any gas or liquid while Osmosis is specifically Water

Question 5

What does water need to go through in osmosis?

Answer 5

A partially permeable membrane

Question 6

Where does water go to in Osmosis?

Answer 6

From a dilute to a higher concentrated liquid

Question 7

What happens if cells are put in a solution with a higher solute concentration?

Answer 7

The water moves out through osmosis

It then shrivels up and dies

Question 8

Why would an animal cell burst?

Answer 8

Because it is in a dilute solution, causing osmosis into the cell and it eventually bursts.

Question 9

What happens to a plant when placed in a high solute concentration of liquid?

Answer 9

The water will leave the cells through osmosis. It will then wilt.

Question 10

What happens to plants in dilute liquids?

Answer 10

Water enters the cell through osmosis.

This fills it up and makes it turgid.

Question 11

Why don’t plant cells burst when filling with water?

Answer 11

Because they have cell walls

Question 12

What do sports drinks contain?

Answer 12

• Sugars
• water
• ions

Question 13

Why do sports drinks contain water and ions?

Answer 13

To keep the bods at homeostasis. If the concentration is disturbed cells do not work as we’ll.

Question 14

Why do energy drinks contain the same concentration of ions as the body?

Answer 14

To not disturb the balance of concentration

Question 15

What do energy drinks contain a lot of?

Answer 15

Glucose

Question 16

What sort of concentration of ions does a rehydrating drink have in comparison to the body?

Answer 16

It has a lower concentration

Question 17

What is active transport?

Answer 17

Where cells absorb substances against a concentration

Question 18

What around the cell membrane allows active transport to happen?

Answer 18

Large protein molecules

Question 19

Why does active transport require respiration?

Answer 19

Because it requires energy

Question 20

How is energy used in Active Transport?

Answer 20

Energy is used to change the shape of the protein

Question 21

How do proteins push an ion to the more concentrated liquid?

Answer 21

They change shape and this pushes them through the cell membranes

Question 22

Give an example of Active Transport.

Answer 22

Absorption of mineral ions by root hair cells in plants

Question 23

Name two ways a surface can be more effective at exchanging.

Answer 23

Being thin

Having a blood supply (Animals)

Ventilation (for gas exchange)

Having a large surface area

Question 24

You need to do page 5-10

Answer 24

5-10

Question 25

What is the circulatory system for?

Answer 25

Transporting chemicals around the body

Question 26

What is the heart for?

Answer 26

It is mainly muscle and pumps blood around the body.

Question 27

What directions do arteries go in?

Answer 27

Away from the heart.

Question 28

What direction do veins go in?

Answer 28

Towards the heart

Question 29

Where do pulmonary arteries and veins go?

Answer 29

The heart and lungs

Question 30

Which goes on the top, the atria it ventricle?

Answer 30

The atria on top, the ventricle below

Question 31

Which side of the heart has a thicker ventricle and why?

Answer 31

The left ventricle is large because the muscle needs to push the blood furthest

Question 32

Why does blood go from the atria to the ventricle?

Answer 32

Because the valves open and atria contract

Question 33

What do valves do?

Answer 33

They stop blood flowing in the wrong direction.

Question 34

Describe the route of blood from the vena Cava round and back again.

Answer 34

``` Vena Cava Right atrium Right ventricle Pulmonary artery Lungs Pulmonary Vein Left atrium Left ventricle Aorta Body Vena cava ```

Question 35

Where does the aorta pump to?

Answer 35

The body

Question 36

Where does the pulmonary vein lead?

Answer 36

Left atrium

Question 37

Where does the vena cava lead?

Answer 37

Right atrium

Question 38

Which has a thinner wall- Artery or Vein?

Answer 38

Arteries are thicker

Question 39

Why are artery walls thicker?

Answer 39

Higher blood pressure

Question 40

Do arteries have valves?

Answer 40

No

Question 41

Why do veins have valves?

Answer 41

Because veins have less pressure and need to work back up to the heart. This means that they get pushed around at each heartbeat but blood is pulled down each time by gravity. The valves close and stops this.

Question 42

Why do veins have lower pressures?

Answer 42

Because they have spread out into capillaries where the pressure is reduced, before coming together.

Question 43

Are veins or arteries closer to the surface?

Answer 43

Arteries are hidden mostly and veins are closer to the surface.

Question 44

What are capillaries?

Answer 44

Very narrow and thin blood vessels covering organs

Question 45

Why do arteries have muscular walls?

Answer 45

To create a pulse And to maintain blood pressure

Question 46

Why are arteries elastic?

Answer 46

To withstand high blood pressure.

Question 47

What four things are blood made of?

Answer 47

Plasma Red blood cells White blood cells Platelets

Question 48

What purpose does plasma serve?

Answer 48

It transports CO2 to the lungs It carries soluble products of digestion It carries Urea

Question 49

What do red blood cells have as adaptations?

Answer 49

No nucleus Contain haemoglobin They are biconcave, increasing the surface area

Question 50

What is the purpose of red blood cells?

Answer 50

O2 binds to it at the lungs and they carry it to body parts, unwinding at various places in the body.

Question 51

What is the most plentiful substance in blood?

Answer 51

Plasma

Question 52

Do white blood cells have a nucleus?

Answer 52

Yes

Question 53

What other system are white blood cells in other than the circulatory?

Answer 53

Immune System

Question 54

What type ingests pathogens?

Answer 54

Phagocytes

Question 55

What do White blood cells produce to kill pathogens?

Answer 55

Antibodies

Question 56

What are platelets made of?

Answer 56

Fragments of cells

Question 57

What purpose do platelets serve in protecting the blood?

Answer 57

They clot and stop pathogens entering

Question 58

How do platelets block a wound?

Answer 58

They come out and coat other, along with the other cells in the blood. They release fibrin, which makes a net like structure and clot the wound

Question 59

When is artificial blood used?

Answer 59

When a patient has lost a lot of blood

Question 60

What is the disadvantage of using plasma to replace lost blood?

Answer 60

Oxygen is carried less efficiently

Question 61

Where can haemoglobin in artificial blood come from?

Answer 61

Blood of humans and cows Gm bacteria that produce it Placentas

Question 62

What is a stent?

Answer 62

Tubes that can be placed in blood vessels to widen narrow vessels

Question 63

What are stents made of?

Answer 63

Metal mesh that does not corrode

Question 64

What is an artificial heart?

Answer 64

Devices that replace the ventricles and valves. They pump blood

Question 65

When are artificial hearts used?

Answer 65

When there are no donors

Question 66

What do artificial valves do?

Answer 66

They replace diseased valves.

Question 67

What limits an artificial valves life?

Answer 67

They eventually corrode away.