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GCSE Biology > Proteins (Enzymes) > Flashcards

Proteins (Enzymes) Flashcards

0
Q

What shape are proteins?

A

Long shapes folded numerous times for their specific surface.

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1
Q

What are proteins made of?

A

Long chains of Amino Acids.

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2
Q

Name a purpose of proteins other than enzymes.

A

Structural

In muscles proteins are interlinking.

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3
Q

What are hormones made of?

A

Proteins.

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4
Q

Give an example of a protein that is a hormone.

A

Insulin.

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5
Q

What does insulin do?

A

It reduces blood sugar by making the uptake of glucose in the liver faster.

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6
Q

Where is insulin produced?

A

The pancreas.

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7
Q

What are antibodies made of?

A

Proteins.

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8
Q

What produces antibodies?

A

White Blood Cells.

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9
Q

What is an enzyme?

A

A biological catalyst in the human body.

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10
Q

What effect do Enzymes have on a rate of reaction?

A

They increase the rate of reaction.

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11
Q

What are enzymes made of?

A

Long chains of amino acids.

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12
Q

Are enzymes polymers?

A

Yup

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13
Q

What is the active site?

A

Where a substrate fits into an enzyme and where reactions occur.

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14
Q

What is the activation energy?

A

The amount of energy needed for a reaction to take place.

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15
Q

What effect do enzymes have on the Activation energy?

A

They reduce it.

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16
Q

What effect does temperature have on enzymes and reactions?

A

It increases the rate of reaction until it passes the optimum temperature where the enzymes will begin to denature.

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17
Q

What is the optimum temperature?

A

The temperature where the reaction is fastest and enzymes work best.

18
Q

What is denaturing?

A

When the active site of a protein changes shape and the substrate no longer fits into it.

19
Q

What is the optimum ph?

A

The ph where a reaction involving enzymes works fastest.

20
Q

True or false:

All enzymes work best at a ph of 4.

A

False.

Enzymes all work best at different ph’s.

21
Q

What are enzymes that work outside cells called?

A

Extra cellular enzymes.

22
Q

What is digestion?

A

The process of food being broken down into smaller molecules that the body can absorb.

23
Q

How does chewing food help digestion?

A

It creates a larger surface area for enzymes.

24
Q

What enzyme is in saliva?

A

Amylase.

25
Q

What does amylase break down?

A

Starch.

26
Q

What is the product when amylase breaks food down?

A

Sugars and Glucose.

27
Q

Where is Amylase produced?

A

Salivary Glands

28
Q

Where is protease produced?

A

The walls of the stomach.

29
Q

What does protease digest and what is the product?

A

It digests proteins into amino acids.

30
Q

What Acid is in the Stomach?

A

Hydrochloride Acid.

31
Q

What are the purposes of Acid in the stomach?

A

It creates an optimum ph and kills Bacteria on food.

32
Q

What is the optimum ph for stomach proteins?

A

Acidic.

About 2-3.

33
Q

Finish off digestion.

A

Now.

34
Q

What sort of enzymes are in biological detergents?

A

Protease sand Lipases.

35
Q

What is the product of Lipases?

A

Glycerol and fatty acids.

36
Q

What do Lipases digest?

A

Fat.

37
Q

What are advantages of biological detergent?

A

They clean clothing better and can be used at lower washing temperatures.

38
Q

What are the disadvantages of biological detergents?

A

If not rinsed off they can cause rashes on the skin and lead to irritations and allergies.

39
Q

How are enzymes used in baby food?

A

Protease enzymes pre digest the food so that the baby’s digestive system can handle it.

40
Q

What sort of enzymes are used in baby food?

A

Professes.

41
Q

What is isomerise used for in industry?

A

Converting glucose syrup to fructose.

42
Q

Why is fructose used in slimming foods?

A

Because it is very sweet and therefore less of it needs to be used.

43
Q

What enzyme turns starch into sugar syrup and why is this used in industry?

A

Isomerase.

It is used because sugar is expensive and this process is cheaper.

GCSE Biology (12 decks)

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