Homeostasis

Question 0

What is homeostasis?

Answer 0

Controlling the internal conditions.

Question 1

Name the conditions that need to be monitored.

Answer 1

Water levels. 
Sugar levels. 
Ion content. 
Temperature. 
Sugar control.

Question 2

What waste products need to be removed from the body?

Answer 2

Urea and carbon Dioxide.

Question 3

How is carbon dioxide produced?

Answer 3

In every living cell through respiration.

Question 4

How does the body remove Co2?

Answer 4

Removed through breathing in the lungs.

Question 5

Where is Urea produced?

Answer 5

When Amino Acids are broken down in the liver.

Question 6

Where is Urine produced?

Answer 6

The Liver.

Question 7

What organ removes urea?

Answer 7

The kidneys put it into Urine.

Question 8

Why does water balance need to be maintained?

Answer 8

If it isn’t then water may move into or out if the cells and damage then.

Question 9

How does the body respond to too much water?

Answer 9

By sweating and through Urea.

Question 10

What do the kidneys control?

Answer 10

They control the water and ion content of blood.

Question 11

What removes urea from the blood?

Answer 11

The kidneys remove Urea from the blood.

Question 12

What artery supplies the Kidneys with blood?

Answer 12

The renal artery.

Question 13

What are the steps in a healthy kidney making Urine?

Answer 13

Filtering the blood.
Reabsorbing all the sugar.
Reabsorbing all the ions needed any the body.
Reabsorbing the amount of water the body needs and then releasing urine.

Question 14

How do the kidneys filter blood?

Answer 14

The blood enters through the renal artery and spreads into capillaries. The liquid leaves into a tubule and leaves behind the cells and large molecules in the blood.

Question 15

What is the Reabsorbing of sugar and ions like in terms of concentration gradients?

Answer 15

They move against a concentration gradient back into the blood.

Question 16

What is urine made of?

Answer 16

Excess products like water, ions and Urea.

Question 17

How can kidney failure be treated?

Answer 17

Dialysis.

Transplants.

Question 18

How does a dialysis machine work?

Answer 18

It is attached so that the persons blood flows through it. It then flows through partially permeable membranes. The membranes are surrounded by fluid, with the same concentration. This makes the excess ions leave or places some in.

Question 19

What is the concentration in Dialysis fluid like?

Answer 19

It has the same concentration of useful substances as the blood.

Question 20

How is having the concentration of dialysis fluid important?

Answer 20

It stops glucose and mineral ions being taken from the blood.

Question 21

What is the movement of particles in Dialysis called?

Answer 21

Diffusion.

Question 22

Where does Urea go in Dialysis?

Answer 22

From the blood to the Dialysis fluid.

Question 23

How do doctors avoid the body rejecting a kidney transplant?

Answer 23

By using a donor with a similar tissue type.

Treating them with drugs that stop White Blood Cells.

Question 24

What are advantages of Dialysis?

Answer 24

There is no major surgery and waiting lists.

Question 25

What are the disadvantages of dialysis?

Answer 25

Diet needs to be controlled and restricts normal life because it takes so long.

Question 26

What are the benefits of Kidney transplants over dialysis?

Answer 26

They can have a relatively normal life and do not need to restrict their diets.

Question 27

What are the disadvantages if transplants?

Answer 27

Major surgery is dangerous and the body may reject the organ. Immunosuppressant drugs need to be taken for life.

Question 28

What temperature is best for enzymes in the body?

Answer 28

37 degrees Celsius

Question 29

Where is body temperature controlled and regulated?

Answer 29

The Thermoregulatory centre in the brain.

Question 30

How does the Thermoregulatory centre know temperature?

Answer 30

It has receptors that are sensitive to the temperature of the blood flowing through the brain.

Question 31

How do we know skin temperature?

Answer 31

There are receptors in our skin that send impulses to the brain.

Question 32

What does the body do if temperature is too high?

Answer 32

The blood vessels in the capillaries dilate near the skin and the body sweats.

Question 33

How the dilating capillaries change body temperature?

Answer 33

It means more blood flows near the skin, increasing the area that is losing heat from the blood.

Question 34

How does sweat cool the body?

Answer 34

Evaporation has a cooling effect.

Question 35

How does the body respond if the temperature is too low?

Answer 35

The bold vessels supplying the skin get narrower and muscles shiver.

Question 36

How does shivering affect body temperature?

Answer 36

Their contraction needs respiration and it releases some energy as heat.

Question 37

How does the capillaries getting narrower decrease heat loss?

Answer 37

It means less blood flows through the capillaries.