BIOMASS ENERGY

Question 1

• Biological material that can be used as fuel.
• Organic materials derived from living bodies in the form of plant, animal and agricultural waste.
• example is woodlogs

Answer 1

Biomass

Question 2

All fossil fuels such as coal and oil originate from vegetation, but they are _____________ from the definition
of biomass.

Answer 2

excluded

Question 3

Biomass in PH:

Answer 3

1. agricultural crop residues
2. forest residues
3. animal waste
4. agro-industrial waste
5. municipal solid waste
6. aquatic biomass

Question 4

Example of Biomass from agricultural crop residues:

Answer 4

1. Rice hull
2. Bagasse
3. Coconut shell husk & coconut coir

Question 5

Biomass Technologies in PH:

Answer 5

1. Bagasse as boiler fuel for cogeneration
2. Fuelwood and agricultural wastes for oven kilns
3. Furnaces and cooking stoves for cooking and heating purposes

Question 6

Biofuels Act of 2006

Answer 6

REPUBLIC ACT NO. 9367

Question 7

— shall refer to bioethanol and biodiesel and other fuels made from biomass and primarily used for motive, thermal and power generation.

Answer 7

BIOFUEL

Question 8

— shall refer to any organic matter, particularly cellulosic or ligno-cellulosic matter, which is available on a renewable or recurring basis, including trees, crops and associated residues, plant fiber, poultry litter and other animal wastes, industrial wastes, and the biodegradable component of solid waste.

Answer 8

BIOMASS

Question 9

— shall refer to ethanol (C2H5OH) produced from feedstock and other biomass

Answer 9

BIOETHANOL

Question 10

— shall refer to Fatty Acid Methyl Ester (FAME) or mono-alkyl esters derived from vegetable oils or animal fats and other biomass-derived oils that shall be technically proven and approved by the DOE for use in diesel engines, with quality specifications in accordance with the Philippine National Standards (PNS);

Answer 10

BIODIESEL

Question 11

About ________________ of land is devoted to sugarcane cultivation, and it is estimated that _______________ of sugarcane waste is recoverable as a biomass resource in the Philippines.

Answer 11

380,000 ha; 1.17M tons

Question 12

The Philippines has the largest number of coconut trees globally and produces the majority of ____________ and _____________ globally.

Answer 12

coconut oil; copra meal

Question 13

The majority of coconut waste includes _______________, _________________, and ________________.

Answer 13

coconut shell
coconut husks
coconut coir dust.

Question 14

_______________ is also a major agricultural crop in the crop and produces a large amount of agricultural waste.

Answer 14

Maize

Question 15

It is estimated that _____________ of grain maize and ____________ of maize cobs are grown annually in the Philippines.

Answer 15

4M tons; 1M ton

Question 16

Wood used as fuel for purposes of cooking, heating or power production.

Answer 16

Fuelwood

Question 17

• A product obtained from the destructive distillation or thermal
  degradation of wood.
• A product of carbonization

Answer 17

Charcoal

Question 18

Charcoal Production Method:

Answer 18

1. Pit Method
2. Kiln Method
3. Retort Method

Question 19

wood materials are placed in a pit, ignited, and then covered with soil to limit availability of oxygen, thereby avoiding total combustion which would turn wood into ash.

Answer 19

Pit method

Question 20

a traditional practice done by forest dwellers. The pit needs to be deep enough for the desired woods to fit. The end of the woods is ignited and then covered by soil.

Answer 20

PIT METHOD

Question 21

• done in an artificial chamber. An ordinary oil drum can be used in this method.

Answer 21

Kiln Drying

Question 22

wood materials are processed into charcoal in a steel cylinder with ventilation for the escape of tar and gases.

Answer 22

Retort Method

Question 23

Charcoal briquette, also called ______________________.

Answer 23

patent fuel

Question 24

It is a compacted fuel material which consists of a mixture of charcoal fines and a binder that are molded under pressure.

Answer 24

Charcoal briquette/Patent Fuel

Question 25

- introduced in the country in 1956 - in 1959, the FPRDI produced strong briquettes from sugarcane molasses

Answer 25

Charcoal briquette

Question 26

Patent number of charcoal briquette

Answer 26

Philippine Patent no. 2673

Question 27

Briquetting process:

Answer 27

1. Material preparation 2. Binder preparation 3. Mixing 4. Briquetting 5. Drying

Question 28

FPRDI recommends _______________ as binder at a rate of ____ by weight or ______ binder for every _______ charcoal fines.

Answer 28

cassava flour; 6%; 60g; 1000g

Question 29

_____________, ______, ________, and _________________ can be used as binders.

Answer 29

Tar, pitch, asphalt sugar cane molasses

Question 30

The mixed ingredients are molded using the mechanized ________________ or a _________________.

Answer 30

Briquettor or a manual briquettor

Question 31

Disadvantages of briquettes as fuel:

Answer 31

* Deforestation * Forest degradation * Loss of forest services * Loss of biodiversity * Climate change

Question 32

- Energy from trees - conversion of wood to electricity - energy created by burning biomass (fuelwoods) - dendrothemal powerplant

Answer 32

Dendroenergy

Question 33

- From a tiny female scale insect, Laccifer lacca/Kerria lacca - sticky substance that has long been used to provide a glossy protective

Answer 33

Shellac resin

Question 34

the insect that spends its whole life attached to a tree, sucking its sap and converting it into the familiar sticky substance that has long been used to provide a glossy protective

Answer 34

Laccifer lacca/Kerria lacca