Rattan

Question 1

RATTAN:
Natural stands
- ready for harvesting on the _______ of growth
- average length of about ____ or more

Answer 1

15th year; 25 m

Question 2

In plantation
- rattan poles can be harvested within _______ after planting.

Answer 2

10 to 15 years

Question 3

Selective cutting of the canes at an interval of _________ years is recommended.

Answer 3

three to four

Question 4

_______ should be practiced and observed in rattan harvesting, especially the ones that have grown naturally

Answer 4

Extreme care

Question 5

Rattan plants are ______ and as such, they can cling on to the stems, branches, or leaves of trees in the immediate surrounding.

Answer 5

climbers

Question 6

They have __________ at the tip which hold on to the support trees.

Answer 6

cirruses or flagella

Question 7

– extension of the midrib

Answer 7

Cirrus

Question 8

• arises from the axil of the
  leaf sheath.

Answer 8

Flagellum

Question 9

Properties of rattan poles: ____________ structural material
- similar to wood

Answer 9

• lignocellulosic

Question 10

Properties of rattan poles: “woody” features help little in making the ________ of rattan poles, especially once the leaf sheaths are removed

Answer 10

identification

Question 11

the patterns and sizes of the ____________ bundles as seen on the cross section of the rattan pole will be very helpful.

Answer 11

fibrovascular

Question 12

The rattan pole has a _____, outer covering, which is generally green. It is made up of cutin (PCARRD, 1985), which is similar to the covering found in the leaves of most plants.

Answer 12

very thin

Question 13

This is enough to make the rattan stem somewhat _________ to moisture and other extraneous materials.

Answer 13

impervious

Question 14

Underneath the skin of the rattan is the subdermal layer, which is made up of a ___________ of fibrovascular bundles, an anatomical characteristic which members of the palm family share with grasses.

Answer 14

dense collection

Question 15

Each fibrovascular bundle contains both the ________ elements, which in woody plants perform the water and food conduction functions.

Answer 15

xylem and phloem

Question 16

The metaxylem or phloem is found in the _____________ of the fibrovascular bundle, along with some fiber elements.

Answer 16

central portion

Question 17

• is the vascular tissue in charge of transport and distribution of the
  organic nutrients.

Answer 17

Phloem

Question 18

Mechanical tissue

Answer 18

Fiber Sheath

Question 19

store the starch that the rattan stem produces in great abundance; thinwalled
cells

Answer 19

Parenchyma

Question 20

reported that rattan can be initially harvested at the age of ____ years.

Answer 20

9-15

Question 21

The succeeding harvests for the clump forming species like palasan and limuran may be done at ____ years interval thereafter. Species with single stem such as the tagiktik (Calamus elmerianus Becc.) is harvested once.

Answer 21

3.5

Question 22

Mature canes are ________ harvested.

Answer 22

selectively

Question 23

Rattan harvesting involves:

Answer 23

stem cutting,
pulling,
stripping,
cutting into a desired length, and scraping.

Question 24

It is done manually with a cane recovery of ____ only; _____ goes to waste in the form of trimmings and merchantable tops that remain intertwined with trees (Virtucio and Sy, 1988).

Answer 24

67.24%; 32.76%

Question 25

SUSTAINED YIELD CUT:

Answer 25

𝑺𝒀𝑪 =( (𝑨 𝒙 𝑫)/𝑹) 𝒙 𝒇

Question 26

RATTAN PREPARATORY PROCESS:

Answer 26

1. Scraping 2. Drying

Question 27

As a result of ________, nodal bulges and the epidermal layer of rattan poles are removed.

Answer 27

scraping

Question 28

Scraping, results in ______ drying of the poles.

Answer 28

faster

Question 29

scraping provides a __________ surface and appearance and a more uniform diameter.

Answer 29

smoother

Question 30

drying canes are dried to about ____ moisture content (MC) to minimize fungal attack.

Answer 30

20%

Question 31

As in wood, the drying of rattan results in far ___________ of the end products, than when the material is used and assembled in the green state.

Answer 31

better properties

Question 32

Among the advantages of dried rattan poles are:

Answer 32

a) increased strength and dimensional stability; b) lower susceptibility to stain- and decay-causing organisms; c) lighter weight and lower transport costs; d) improved machining and finishing characteristics; e) better gluing and fastener-holding capacity; and f) ease of preservative application.

Question 33

The drying of rattan poles can be achieved _______ or ______ artificial dryers such as a kiln.

Answer 33

outdoors or inside

Question 34

Air Drying, requires a long time to reach moisture content of ____, or even longer, depending on weather conditions.

Answer 34

15%

Question 35

Kiln drying is done in an ________ where temperature, humidity, and air circulation can be controlled.

Answer 35

enclosed chamber

Question 36

The rattan poles are arranged horizontally inside the kiln, which can reduce an initial moisture content of ________ in 1 and 1/2 days.

Answer 36

145% to 10%

Question 37

For immediate stain control against staining of freshly cut rattan poles right at the harvesting site, a pit is dug from the _______ and then lined with ______ sheet.

Answer 37

ground; plastic

Question 38

Control against powder post beetles is _______ and _______ in the factory help prevent attacks of powder-post beetles.

Answer 38

drying and general hygiene

Question 39

Chemical treatment may also be done, provided safety precautions are observed. This can be accomplished by any of the following procedures:

Answer 39

✓ Dipping Treatment ✓ Spraying or Brushing ✓ Varnishing ✓ Pressure Treatment

Question 40

Preservative Treatment:

Answer 40

1. Dipping Treatment 2. Spraying or Brushing Treatment 3. Varnishing 4. Pressure Treatment

Question 41

___________ of rattan poles are dipped in 1% solution of either dieldrin or lindane, or in 5% pentachlorophenol in petroleum distillate fortified with 0.5% tributyltinoxide (TBTO)

Answer 41

dipping treatment

Question 42

Rattan poles that are bulk or closely-piled are sprayed or brushed with 1% lindane or dieldrin. A metal catchment may be needed to collect the drippings

Answer 42

Spraying or Brushing Treatment

Question 43

If no beetles have been detected in the inside portion of the poles yet, ___________ may be sufficient to provide protection.

Answer 43

varnishing

Question 44

______ of the beetles is easier said than done, however, as the eggs are difficult to see with the naked eye because of their microscopic size

Answer 44

Detection

Question 45

in pressure treatment colorless___________, such as boron compounds fortified with sodium pentachlorophenate, are used for this treatment.

Answer 45

water-borne preservatives

Question 45

___________ involves the use of a treating cylinder where temperature and pressure can be controlled.

Answer 45

Pressure treatment

Question 46

Sorting and Grading Rattan canes are segregated according to sizes and species and graded:

Answer 46

a. Export grade b. Manila grade c. Spotted grade

Question 47

- 4 m minimum length, double scraped, sanded, straight, and free from spots or stain.

Answer 47

Export grade

Question 48

- 4 m minimum length, single scraped, reasonably straight, and free from stain.

Answer 48

Manila grade

Question 49

- 4 m minimum length, reasonably straight, may be spotted.

Answer 49

Spotted grade

Question 50

Canes for export are graded based on diameter as follows:

Answer 50

CLASS DIAMETER (INCH) I = 1 ½ - 1 ¼ II = 1 ¼ - 1 ½ III = 1 1/8 – 1 ¼ IV = 1 – 1 1/8

Question 51

Processes involved in the manufacture of rattan products:

Answer 51

1. Bleaching 2. Straightening 3. Bending 4. Splitting 5. Designing

Question 52

Bleaching ________ and provide the rattan with a uniform whitish appearance, raw materials are subjected to a bleaching treatment.

Answer 52

remove stains

Question 53

For bleaching round poles, this can be accomplished by soaking in __________ of 3% sodium hypochlorite for two to three hours, followed by air-drying.

Answer 53

aqueous solution

Question 54

________ is performed before scraping, especially when sizing machines are used, or when the material is just about ready for assembly.

Answer 54

Straightening

Question 55

A straight, cylindrical shape is desirable for certain components of rattan furniture such as the legs and framings.

Answer 55

Straightening

Question 56

_________ is the opposite of straightening and is usually performed on components of rattan furniture to be assembled into the final product.

Answer 56

Bending

Question 57

Bending is performed by ______________ pieces with a blowtorch or by mass heating several canes inside a steaming chamber for a suitable period at 100°C under atmospheric pressure.

Answer 57

flaming individual

Question 58

Bending: As a rough guide, steaming period of_____ minute per millimeter of diameter produces satisfactory plasticization of stocks.

Answer 58

½ to 1