Biomechanics

Question 1

Tendons

Answer 1

• Attach muscle to bone via tough, fibrous, connective tissue

Question 2

How does bone movement occur

Answer 2

• via muscle contraction, muscle end points attached to two difference bones across a joint

Question 3

Origin

Answer 3

• site of attachment on stationary bone
• moves toward insertion

Question 4

Insertion

Answer 4

• site of attachment that moves the most
• origin moves toward insertion

Question 5

Muscular antagonism in the forearm

Answer 5

• when muscles work in pairs to cause opposite movement across a joint
• e.g. flexion of forearm; bicep (agonist) contracts & triceps (antagonist) relaxes and vice versa

Question 6

lever

Answer 6

• rigid rod that moves on a fixed point called fulcrum
• e.g. bone

Question 7

fulcrum

Answer 7

• fixed point along the rod
• e.g. joints

Question 8

resistance (load)

Answer 8

• object moved on rod
• e.g. weight of body part

Question 9

effort (force)

Answer 9

• applied to move resistance (load)
• e.g. energy supplied by muscle

Question 10

Three kinds of levels

Answer 10

• 1st class; fulcrum between effort & load
• 2nd class; load between effort & fulcrum
• 3rd class; effort between fulcrum & load

Question 11

Abbreviation for level system

Answer 11

FLE/123

F1 - fulcrum in middle, class 1
L2 - load in middle, class 2
E3 - effort in middle, class 3

Question 12

What determines wether a lever is a power or speed lever?

Answer 12

point of muscle attachment around a joint

Question 13

Power lever

Answer 13

• moves heavy loads over short distances with little effort
• e.g. crowbar, standing on tiptoes

Question 14

Speed Levers

Answer 14

• quickly moves loads over large distance
• e.g. kicking a ball, biceps curl

Question 15

Explain the lever system during a bicep curl

Answer 15

• Fulcrum: elbow joint
• Effort: biceps pulling on radius
• Load: weight in hand
• speed lever
• 3rd class lever

Question 16

Explain the lever system when standing on your tip toes

Answer 16

• Fulcrum: Ball of foot
• Effort: Calf muscle
• Load: body weight
• power lever
• 2nd class lever

Question 17

What happens to the power of the lever if the insertion is further away from the fulcrum

Answer 17

The more powerful the lever

Question 18

What happens to the lever if the insertion is closer to the fulcrum

Answer 18

• The less powerful the lever
• greater movement range & speed of lever

Question 19

Effort & fulcrum closer or farther to the load..

Answer 19

Far effort = force helper (strong)
Close effort = speed booster (fast)