New nervous system

Question 1

What are the two main divisions of the nervous system?

Answer 1

Central Nervous System (CNS) and Peripheral Nervous System (PNS).

Question 2

What structures make up the CNS?

Answer 2

The brain and spinal cord.

Question 3

What structures make up the PNS?

Answer 3

Nerves and ganglia outside the CNS.

Question 4

What are the two subdivisions of the PNS?

Answer 4

Somatic Nervous System and Autonomic Nervous System

Question 5

What are the two divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)?

Answer 5

Sympathetic division (fight or flight) and Parasympathetic division (rest and digest).

Question 6

What is the function of sensory (afferent) neurons in the PNS?

Answer 6

They carry electrical impulses from receptors to the CNS.

Question 7

What is the function of motor (efferent) neurons in the PNS?

Answer 7

They carry electrical impulses from the CNS to muscles and glands.

Question 8

What is the function of the somatic nervous system?

Answer 8

Controls voluntary movement

Question 9

What is the function of the automatic nervous system?

Answer 9

Regulates functions of internal organs through involuntary movement

Question 10

What is the difference between gray matter and white matter?

Answer 10

Gray matter: Contains neuron cell bodies.

White matter: Contains myelinated axons (nerve fibers).

Question 11

Explain structure of the Tract

Answer 11

Bundle of axons within CNS

Question 12

What are the three components of a neuron?

Answer 12

Cell body, dendrites, axon.

Question 13

What is the function of dendrites?

Answer 13

They receive signals from other neurons and conduct impulses toward the cell body.

Question 14

What is the function of an axon?

Answer 14

It conducts impulses away from the cell body toward other neurons or muscles.

Question 15

What are myelinated neurons?

Answer 15

Neurons covered in a myelin sheath that insulates and speeds up signal transmission.

Question 16

Explain the ganglion

Answer 16

A collection of cell bodies of neurons outside the CNS.

Question 17

Explain the structure of a nerve.

Answer 17

Bundle of axons within the PNS

Question 18

What is the function of neuroglia?

Answer 18

Support, segregate and insulate neurons, protection

Question 19

What is a reflex arc?

Answer 19

A fast, automatic response to a stimulus that bypasses the brain.

Question 20

What are the components of a reflex arc?

Answer 20

Receptor, sensory neuron, integration center, motor neuron, and effector.

Question 21

What is the role of the cerebral cortex

Answer 21

interpretation of sensory stimuli, thoughts and emotion

Question 22

What are the three main parts of the brainstem?

Answer 22

Midbrain, Pons, and Medulla Oblongata.

Question 23

What is the function of the medulla oblongata?

Answer 23

Regulates cardiovascular and respiratory centres (involuntary movement)

Question 23

What is the main function of the cerebellum?

Answer 23

Maintains motor movements

Question 24

What is the function of the hypothalamus?

Answer 24

It regulates autonomic functions, body temperature, hunger, thirst, endocrine system, homeostasis

Question 24

What is the function of the thalamus?

Answer 24

Sensory relay center

Question 25

What is the diencephalon?

Answer 25

It is the central core of the forebrain, containing the thalamus and hypothalamus.

Question 25

What is the Midbrain?

Answer 25

Between diencephalon and the pons, reflex centre for head and eye movements.

Question 26

What is the pons?

Answer 26

between midbrain and medulla oblongata, sensory and motor fibres pass through, regulates respiration

Question 27

What are the main functions of the spinal cord?

Answer 27

It conducts sensory and motor impulses

Question 28

What is the "cauda equina"?

Answer 28

A bundle of nerve roots extending from the lower end of the spinal cord.

Question 28

What is the structure of the spinal cord?

Answer 28

gray matter (inner part) and white matter (outer part), with spinal nerves branching from it.

Question 29

What is a reflex arc?

Answer 29

A fast, automatic response to a stimulus that bypasses the brain.

Question 29

What are the five components of a reflex arc?

Answer 29

1. Receptor 2. neuron 3. Integration center (spinal cord) 4. Motor neuron 5. Effector (muscle or gland

Question 30

What are some functions of the sympathetic nervous system?

Answer 30

ncreases heart rate, dilates pupils, slows digestion, and increases blood flow to muscles.

Question 31

What are some functions of the parasympathetic nervous system?

Answer 31

Decreases heart rate, constricts pupils, stimulates digestion, and promotes relaxation.

Question 32

Explain action potential

Answer 32

When a neuron sends information down an axon away from the cell body.

Question 33

What key factors affect the resting membrane potential?

Answer 33

1. Na/K pump 2. Presence of leaky K channels 3. Large quantities of negatively-charged protein molecules