Biomolecules - additional stuff from BMS1011

Question 1

what are structural polysaccharides

Answer 1

cellulose, chitin, peptidoglycan

Question 2

describe chitin

Answer 2

found in exoskeleton of crustaceans and insects

Question 3

describe peptidoglycan

Answer 3

pp chains connected to ps chains

• found in bacteria cell walls
• higher volume of peptidoglycan=gram positive bacteria

Question 4

whats the extracellular polysaccharide

Answer 4

glycosaminoglycans

Question 5

monomers of glycosaminoglycans?

Answer 5

uronic acid and -acetylated amino sugar (often sulfonated except hyaluronic acid)

Question 6

purpose of glycosaminoglycans

Answer 6

highly polar - attract water and act as lubricants/shock absorbers

Question 7

example of glycosaminoglycans

Answer 7

hyaluroic acid

-lubricant of synovial fluid in joints and vitreous humour of eye; in tendos and cartilage

Question 8

desecribe glycoproteins

Answer 8

proteins covalently bonded to proteins

-protect against protease digestion, protein folding, signalling

Question 9

example of glycoproteins

Answer 9

proteoglycan

-membrae protein/secreted protein attached to hyaluronic acid

Question 10

functions of proteins?

Answer 10

shitcree
structural
hormone
immunoglobulin (eg. antibodies)
transport
contractile
receptor
enzyme

Question 11

for the purposes of this unit, what are the classes of lipids?

Answer 11

fats
oils
waxes
steroids
phospholipids

Question 12

a purpose of fats?

Answer 12

stores non polar vitamins

Question 13

structure of waxes

Answer 13

fatty acid esterified with alcohol

Question 14

function of waxes?

Answer 14

• fuel storage in microorganisms
• water repellant properties in some vertebrates eg birds
• prevents excessive evaporatio in some plants (eg shiy leaf tropical plants)
• used in lotion, ointments, polishes