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PAPER 2 > BIOPSYCHOLOGY > Flashcards

BIOPSYCHOLOGY Flashcards

(52 cards)

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1
Q

What are the 3 basic assumptions of the biological Approach

A
  • The genes an individual influence there behaviour
  • The CNS is made up of brian and Spinal Cord
  • Chemisty of the body have varying levels of chemicals found in the brain.
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2
Q

What are the 2 systems involved in the Nervous system

A
  • Central Nervous System

- Peripheral Nervous System

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3
Q

How many systems are involved in the nervous system

A

2

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4
Q

What does the Spinal Chord do Within the CNS

A

Spinal Chords transfers messages to the whole body from the brain

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5
Q

What does the PNS do

A

Extends beyond the CNS and transmits messages to the whole body from the brain

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6
Q

How many divisions does the PNS have

A

2

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7
Q

What are the 2 divisions in the PNS

A

Somatic and Autonomic

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8
Q

What is the job of the Somatic System

A

transmit and Receive messages from the senses

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9
Q

What is the job of the Autonomic system

A

Helps transmit and receive information from the organs

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10
Q

What are the 2 divisions wihtin the Autonomic System

A
  • Sympathetic

- Parasympathetic

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11
Q

What does the Sympathetic system do

A

Increases activities

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12
Q

What does the Parasympathetic system do

A

Conserves The Bodies natural activity levels by decreasing activity or maintaining it

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13
Q

What are the types of Neurons

A
  • Sensory
  • Relay
  • Motor
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14
Q

What is the Function of the Sensory Neuron

A

This tells the rest of the Brain about external and internal environments

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15
Q

What is the Function of the Relay Neuron

A

Carry messages from one part of the CNS to another, They Connect motor and sensory neurons.

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16
Q

What is the Function of the Motor Neuron

A

Carry Signals from the CNS which helps glands and muscle function

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17
Q

What is Synaptic Transmission

A

The Process by which nerve impulses are carried across the snynapse

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18
Q

What are synapses

A

Tiny gaps between 2 neurons across which nerve impulses pass

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19
Q

What are Neurotransmitters

A

Chemical Messages containing vesicles in the axon which are used to allow neural communications

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20
Q

What are Excitatory and Inhibitors

A
  • Excitatory increases chance of a neuron firing

- Inhibitory decreases chance of a neuron firing

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21
Q

What is the Localisation of Function

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A

The theory that diifernet areas of the brian are responsible for different behaviours, processes or activities.

22
Q

What is Hemispheric Lateralisation

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A

The brian divided into two symetrical halves where features are dominates by a paritucular hemisphere

23
Q

how many halves does the brain have

24
Q

What are the 2 halves called

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A

Right and Left Hemisphere

25
What is the outer layer of both hemispheres
Cerebal Cortex
26
What is the motor area
A region of the frontal Lobe involved in Regulating Movemnt
27
What is the Somatosensory area
Parietal Lobe which processes sensory information such as touch
28
What is the Visual Area
Occipital lobe that Received and processes visual information
29
What is the Auditory Area
Temporal Lobe analysis of speech based information
30
What is the Brocas Area
Left Frontal Lobe responsible for speech production
31
What is the Wernickes area
left temporal lobe responsible for Language Comprehension
32
What is split brain research.
This involves individuals who have had surgical separation of their brain hemispheres, in order to relieve symptoms of epilepsy
33
What are 2 criticisms of Evaluation of Localised Functioning and Hemispheric Lateralisation
- Strength of localisation Theory is that brian scan evidence to support it. e.g., Paterson eta al used brian scans to show activity in Wernickes area=T.S.T Along with more modern there is sound scientific evidence of localised brain functions. - Supporting research comes form case studies. E.g., Phineas Gage Received serious brain damage=frontal lobe responsible for regulating mood.
34
What is a counter-criticisms of Evaluation of Localised Functioning and Hemispheric Lateralisation
-Neural Plasticity is a challange to Localisation theory. e.g., plasicity is when the brian becomes damaged but other areas of teh brian chip in so the same neurological action achieved.=T.S.T suggesting that localised function is a permanent arrangement is flawed.
35
What is Plasticity
The brains Tendancy to change and adapt
36
What is functional Recovery
A form of Plasticity, The Brains abillity to redistribute or transfer functions usually performed by a damaged area.
37
How does Brain Plasticity work
The Brain recognises and rewires itself by forming a new synaptic connections close to the area of damage
38
What are the 4 Scanning Techniques
- Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging FMRI - Electroencephalogram - Event-related potentials - Post-Mortem examinations
39
How does FMRI work
Measures blood flow in the brain using radio waves as brain becomes more active the increase demand for oxygen
40
What are the strengths of FMRI
- Doesnt rely on radioactive racer | - Produces high resolution images accurate to the millimetre
41
What are the limitations of FMRI
- very expensive | - 5 second delay temporal resolution
42
How do ERPs work
Use statistical technique to filter out the brain activity
43
What are the strengths of ERPs
- More specific than raw EEG reading | - excellent temporal validity
44
What are the limitations of ERPs
- not standardised | - to be successful all extraneous Interference
45
How does EEG work
Measures electrical activity in the brain and elecetrodes are attached to scalp and detect small electrical charges
46
What is a strength of EEG
- useful in detecting brain disorders e.g epilepsy | - hight temporal resolution under 1 millisecond
47
Whats a limitation of EEG
Doesnt locate exact area can only roughly guess
48
How does Post-Mortem Examinations work
If an individual displays unusual behavior the brain is examined after death.
49
what is a strength of Post-Mortem Examinations
-vital during early days when there was no technology
50
what is a Limitation of Post-Mortem Examinations
- Cause and effect is a problem unrelated to behavior | - Informed consent is hard as their kind of dead
51
What are 2 criticisms of evaluation of ways of studying the brain
- Strength of FMRI is that its non-evasive. E.g., FMRI does not rely on the use of radiation=safer. T.S.T provide clearer picture of how brain is localized. - ERP more specific such as raw EEG. E.g., ERP excellent temporal resolution in comparison to FMRI=More Precise way of studying the brain
52
What are 2 Counter-criticisms of evaluation of ways of studying the brain
-However Causations can be an issue in post-mortems. E.g., Observed damage in the brain may not be linked. T.S.T may be issues truly establishing cause and effect.

PAPER 2 (3 decks)

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