Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

BIO 208 > Biotechnology and Genomics > Flashcards

Biotechnology and Genomics Flashcards

(69 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

antibiotic resistance

A

ability of an organism to be unaffected by an antibiotic’s actions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

biomarker

A

individual protein that is uniquely produced in a diseased state

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

biotechnology

A

use of biological agents for technological advancement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

cDNA library

A

collection of cloned cDNA sequences

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

cellular cloning

A

production of identical cell populations by binary fission

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

chain termination method

A

method of DNA sequencing using labeled dideoxynucleotides to terminate DNA replication; it is also called the dideoxy method or the Sanger method

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

clone

A

exact replica

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

contig

A

larger sequence of DNA assembled from overlapping shorter sequences

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

cytogenetic mapping

A

technique that uses a microscope to create a map from stained chromosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

deoxynucleotide

A

individual DNA monomer (single unit)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

dideoxynucleotide

A

individual DNA monomer that is missing a hydroxyl group (–OH)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

DNA microarray

A

method to detect gene expression by analyzing many DNA fragments that are fixed to a glass slide or a silicon chip to identify active genes and identify sequences

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

expressed sequence tag (EST)

A

short STS that is identified with cDNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

false negative

A

incorrect test result that should have been positive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

foreign DNA

A

DNA that belongs to a different species or DNA that is artificially synthesized

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

gel electrophoresis

A

technique used to separate molecules on the basis of size using electric charge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

gene targeting

A

method for altering the sequence of a specific gene by introducing the modified version on a vector

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

gene therapy

A

technique used to cure inheritable diseases by replacing mutant genes with good genes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

genetic diagnosis

A

diagnosis of the potential for disease development by analyzing disease-causing genes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

genetic engineering

A

alteration of the genetic makeup of an organism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

genetic map

A

outline of genes and their location on a chromosome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

genetic marker

A

gene or sequence on a chromosome with a known location that is associated with a specific trait

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

genetic recombination

A

DNA exchange between homologous chromosome pairs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

genetic testing

A

process of testing for the presence of disease-causing genes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
genetically modified organism (GMO)
organism whose genome has been artificially changed
26
genome annotation
process of attaching biological information to gene sequences
27
genome mapping
process of finding the location of genes on each chromosome
28
genomic library
collection of cloned DNA which represents all of the sequences and fragments from a genome
29
genomics
study of entire genomes including the complete set of genes, their nucleotide sequence and organization, and their interactions within a species and with other species
30
host DNA
DNA that is present in the genome of the organism of interest
31
linkage analysis
procedure that analyzes recombining genes to determine if they are linked
32
lysis buffer
solution to break the cell membrane and release cell contents
33
metabolome
complete set of metabolites which are related to an organism's genetic makeup
34
metabolomics
study of small molecule metabolites in an organism
35
metagenomics
study of multiple species' collective genomes that grow and interact in an environmental niche
36
microsatellite polymorphism
variation between individuals in the sequence and number of microsatellite DNA repeats
37
model organism
species that researchers study and use as a model to understand the biological processes in other species represented by the model organism
38
molecular cloning
cloning of DNA fragments
39
multiple cloning site (MCS)
site that multiple restriction endonucleases can recognize
40
next-generation sequencing
group of automated techniques for rapid DNA sequencing
41
Northern blotting
transfer of RNA from a gel to a nylon membrane
42
pharmacogenomics
study of drug interactions with the genome or proteome; also called toxicogenomics
43
physical map
representation of the physical distance between genes or genetic markers
44
polygenic
phenotypic characteristic caused by two or more genes
45
polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
technique to amplify DNA
46
probe
small DNA fragment to determine if the complementary sequence is present in a DNA sample
47
protease
enzyme that breaks down proteins
48
protein signature
set of uniquely expressed proteins in the diseased state
49
proteome
entire set of proteins that cell type produces
50
proteomics
study of proteomes' function
51
pure culture
growth of a single cell type in the laboratory
52
radiation hybrid mapping
information obtained by fragmenting the chromosome with x-rays
53
recombinant DNA
combining DNA fragments that molecular cloning generates that do not exist in nature; also a chimeric molecule
54
recombinant protein
a gene's protein product derived by molecular cloning
55
reproductive cloning
entire organism cloning
56
restriction endonuclease
enzyme that can recognize and cleave specific DNA sequences
57
restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP)
variation between individuals in the length of DNA fragments, which restriction endonucleases generate
58
reverse genetics
method of determining the gene's function by starting with the gene itself instead of starting with the gene product
59
reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR)
PCR technique that involves converting RNA to DNA by reverse transcriptase
60
ribonuclease
enzyme that breaks down RNA
61
sequence mapping
mapping information obtained after DNA sequencing
62
shotgun sequencing
method used to sequence multiple DNA fragments to generate the sequence of a large piece of DNA
63
single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)
variation between individuals in a single nucleotide
64
Southern blotting
DNA transfer from a gel to a nylon membrane
65
systems biology
study of whole biological systems (genomes and proteomes) based on interactions within the system
66
Ti plasmid
plasmid system derived from Agrobacterium tumefaciens that scientists have used to introduce foreign DNA into plant cells
67
transgenic
organism that receives DNA from a different species
68
variable number of tandem repeats (VNTRs)
variation in the number of tandem repeats between individuals in the population
69
whole-genome sequencing
process that determines an entire genome's DNA sequence

BIO 208 (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions