Bipolar & Related Disorders (Midterm) Flashcards
(10 cards)
3 types of bpolar and related disorders
bipolar i
bipolar ii
cyclothymic disorder
Bipolar I
Bipolar I is diagnosed when one meets the criteria for a manic episode. The manic episode may have been preceded by and may be followed by hypomanic or major depressive episodes.
Bipolar I: a criterion has to be met for at least one manic episode and the occurrence of a manic and major depressive episode and is not better explained by any other disorder.
Note: Major depressive episodes are common in bipolar I but are not required for the diagnosis of bipolar I disorder.
Manic episode
This is a period of abnormally and persistently elevated, expansive, or irritable mood and abnormally and persistently increased goal-directed activity or energy, lasting at least 1 week and present most of the day, nearly every day (or any duration if hospitalization is necessary).
Inflated self-esteem or grandiosity * Decreased need for sleep
More talkative than usual, pressure to keep talking
* Flight of ideas/thought racing
* Distractibility—attention too easily drawn
away
* Increase in goal-directed activity or
psychomotor agitation
* Excessive involvement in activities that
have a high potential for painful consequences— buying sprees, sexual indiscretions, investments
Hypomanic episode
This is a period of abnormally and persistently elevated, expansive, or irritable mood and abnormally and persistently increased goal-directed activity or energy, lasting at least 4 consecutive days and present most of the day, nearly every day.
Inflated self-esteem or grandiosity * Decreased need for sleep
More talkative than usual, pressure to keep talking
* Flight of ideas/thought racing
* Distractibility—attention too easily drawn
away
* Increase in goal-directed activity or
psychomotor agitation
* Excessive involvement in activities that
have a high potential for painful consequences— buying sprees, sexual indiscretions, investments
Note: hypomanic episodes are common in bipolar I but are not required for the diagnosis of bipolar I disorder.
*note FOUR days not the whole week like a true manic episode
Major Depressive Episode
5ormoreofthe following
Depressed mood most of the day, nearly every day (e.g. feels empty, sad, and hopeless) Markedly diminished interest or pleasure in all, almost all activities most of the day, nearly every day .
symptoms have been present during the same 2-week period and represent a change from previous functioning; at least of one of the symptoms is either depressed mood or loss of interest and pleasure.
Psychomotor agitation or retardation nearly every day.
* Fatigue or loss of energy nearly every day.
* Feelings of worthlessness or excessive or inappropriate guilt nearly every day.
* Diminished ability to think or concentrate or indecisiveness nearly every day.
* Recurrent thoughts of death/suicidal ideation or suicide attempts.
- depressed most of day
- lac of interest and overall pleasure
- insomnia or hyper insomnia
- weight loss or gain
Associated Descriptive Features of Bipolar I
Completed suicide
occurs in 10%-15% of the individuals especially with those in a depressive or mixed state.
Child abuse, spouse abuse, or other violent behavior may occur during severe Manic Episodes or among those with psychotic features.
Hyperthyroidism
may precipitate or worsen manic symptoms but does not cause the symptoms.
Onset is age 20 both for males and females
School truancy, school failure, oc0cup0atio0nal0failure, divorce, or episodic antisocial behaviors are associated problems.
* It is associated with alcohol and other substance use disorders
* Other associated mental disorders include: Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa, Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Panic Disorder, and Social Phobia. ADHD
Bipolar ii
One has to have at least one hypomanic episode and at least
2W one major depressive episode. There should
never have been a manic episode.
* The major depressive episode must last at least 2 weeks, and the hypomanic episode must last at least 4 days]
t has an average onset in the mid-20s which is a little later than bipolar I
It has equal occurrences in males and females
It has genetic and physiological links, where the risk of bipolar tends to be highest among relatives of individuals with the disorder as opposed to individuals with bipolar I
It has high suicide risks
Cyclothymic disorder
chronic fluctuating mood, numberous hypomanic syptoms and periods of depressive symptoms distinct from one another
or at least 2 years (1 in children and adolescents) there have been numerous periods with hypomanic symptoms that do not meet criteria for a hypomanic episode and numerous periods with depressive symptoms that do not meet the criteria for a major depressive episode.
B. In the 2-year period (1 in children and adolescents) the hypomanic and depressive periods have been present for more than 2 months at a time.
C. The criteria for a major depressive, manic, or hypomanic episode have never been met.
Usually begins in adolescence or early adult life and is sometimes considered to reflect a temperamental predisposition to other disorders in this class.
Substance/Medication - Inudced bipolar and related disorder
There is evidence from history, physical examination, or laboratory findings that it is related to medication, intoxication, or drug use.
- Bipolar and Related Disorder Due to Another Medical Condition
* This is marked by a persistent period of abnormally elevated, expansive or irritable mood and abnormally increased activity or energy that is attributed to another medical condition
Medical treatments for bipolar
medications (mood stabilizers like lithium, aytpical antispychotics like ariprozolonne and sythrobax, SSRIs and antidepresents alike celex prozac and Zoloft
lithium is huge used it is also used in ADHD and home remedies too
many medications tried before they find one that works best for them
side effects; nausea and tremors, hairloss, kidney damange, and thyrpid issues
