Defense Mechanisms (Test #1) Flashcards
(28 cards)
What is denial in the context of defense mechanisms?
Denial is a defense mechanism which involves a refusal when accepting reality, by blocking external events from their awareness.
Define projection as a defense mechanism.
Projection is the redirection of an impulse (aggression) onto a powerless target, transferring energy from a repressed source to a more ‘acceptable’ object.
What does rationalization involve?
Rationalization involves a cognitive distortion of ‘facts’ to make an event or an impulse less threatening, often providing excuses for actions.
Explain reaction formation as a defense mechanism.
Reaction formation is where an individual behaves the completely opposite of how they are feeling, often becoming angry when disagreed with.
What is regression in psychological terms?
Regression is a defense mechanism where the ego reverts to an earlier stage of development as a response to a stressful situation.
Define repression.
Repression is an unconscious defense mechanism that blocks disturbing or threatening thoughts from becoming real.
What is transference in psychology?
Transference is when an individual directs feelings towards someone important in their life towards someone else, often based on childhood experiences.
Describe sublimation as a defense mechanism.
Sublimation is when an individual displaces their unacceptable emotions into acceptable behaviors, such as sports.
What is exposure therapy?
Exposure Therapy is gradual, repeated exposure to the source of a specific phobia to learn to manage anxiety.
What does systematic desensitization aim to achieve?
Systematic desensitization aims to remove fearful responses and substitute them with a relaxation response through gradual exposure.
What is cognitive restructuring?
Cognitive restructuring is a core part of Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) that deals with recognizing inaccuracies in thought patterns.
Define modeling in the context of therapy.
Modeling is a technique in which learning occurs through observation and imitation without comment or reinforcement by the therapist.
Who is considered the father of psychoanalytic psychology?
Sigmund Freud is considered the father of psychoanalytic psychology.
What is Ivan Pavlov known for?
Ivan Pavlov is known for his Classical Conditioning Theory and contributions to Behavior Modification.
What concept did BF Skinner develop?
BF Skinner developed the idea that behavior is determined by its consequences through reinforcement or punishment.
What did Carl Jung contribute to psychology?
Carl Jung combined concepts of introversion and extraversion, influencing personality psychology and psychotherapy.
What is Maslow’s hierarchy of needs?
Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is a theory suggesting humans need to fulfill basic requirements before moving on to advanced needs.
List the first three levels of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs.
- Physiological needs: Air, water, and food
- Safety Needs: Personal security, employment, and health
- Love and Belonging: Friendship, and intimacy
Who was Mary Whiton Calkins?
Mary Whiton Calkins was known for her work in self-psychology and the paired-associate technique studying memory.
What was Jean Piaget’s influence on psychology?
Jean Piaget’s work in cognitive development greatly influenced developmental psychology and education reform.
What are Erik Erikson’s key ideas?
Erik Erikson’s key ideas include Theory of Psychological Development, Identity Crisis, and Ego Psychology.
What is Carl Rogers known for?
Carl Rogers is known for his client-centered therapy style, emphasizing the therapist-client relationship.
What did Kurt Lewin study?
Kurt Lewin studied organizational leadership styles and group dynamics, proposing that behavior results from interaction with the environment.
What is William Wundt credited with?
William Wundt is credited as the father of experimental psychology and for creating the first psychology laboratory.
