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Foundations of Human Behavior: 1 > Birth to 15 Months > Flashcards

Birth to 15 Months Flashcards

Master lecture 1 (66 cards)

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1
Q

What does APGAR stand for?

A 
Appearance
Pulse
Grimace (relex irritability)
Activity (muscle tone)
Respiration
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2
Q

What is the cutoff for prematurity?
Very premature?
Status of Infant Mortality in US?

A

<32 weeks

Very high for developed country

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3
Q

What are key Maternal Issues post- partum?

A

Post-partum Depression–normal up to 2 weeks post delivery, past this time may devo to full blown w/ symptoms of extreme depression that affect psycosoial devo of child– apx 5-10%

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4
Q

What % develop into full blown post-partum depression

A

1%

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5
Q

What impacts prenatal devo?

A

SES, Nutrition of mother, Exposure to teratogens, illnesses

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6
Q 
Key Newborn characteristic for: 
Feeding
Survival
Motor Devo
Early personal-social devo
A

crying, sucking, rooting
moro, grasping, head control
tracking

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7
Q

What are the 9 Temperment Characteristics from birth (Thomas/Chess)

A

Activity level, Persistence, Distractibility, Initial rxn, Adaptability, Mood, Intensity, Sensitivity, Regularity

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8
Q

Key features of Parenting

A

Goodness-of-fit (parenting style and temperment), Playing, Eating, Sleeping (sleep training)

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9
Q

Attachment

A

-via John Bowlby in early 20th
-creating relationship based on CRITICAL NEEDS to increase survival
-“Bonding” not necessariy survival BUT impacts life
-“Mothers” available/responsive to needs to create sense of security
Proximity seeking behaviors
Contact maintaining behaviors

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10
Q

What are contact maintaining behavoirs?

A

-Safe haven
-Safe base
-Seperation Distress
~ part of Bowlby’s Attachment Theory

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11
Q

Key features of Harlow’s monkeys

A
  • prefered cloth surrogate
  • Devo strange behaviors later~ rocking/misdirected aggresion/atypical sexual behavior
  • Became “motherless mothers’
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12
Q

Harlow’s caregivers represent

A

warmth, food and safety + love, acceptance and affection

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13
Q

Characteristics of Infant Attachment

A 
Vocalizations
Interactions
Social Smiles
Devo's complexity
Groundwork for future relationships
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14
Q

“Strange Situation”

A

How child responds to being left alone and reunified with caregiver
Series of 8 episodes, starting with caregiver, adding a stranger, developing a secure base, ect

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15
Q

Securely Attached Child Can:

A

separate from parent
seek comfort from parent
return of parent met positively
prefers parent to stranger

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16
Q

Securely Attached Children– to Adults

A

Adults can: devo trusting and lasting relationships
trends toward good self-esteem
comfortable sharing feelings
seeks out social support

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17
Q

Who developed theory of intellegence?

A

Jean Piaget

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18
Q

Theory of Intellegence

A

Adaption to enviroment; able to balance needs v demands
Cognition moves us past action– to symbolic thought
Organizes in schemes
Displays both adaption assimilation and accomidation

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19
Q

Picture of Cat and Dog: labeled as Dog and Dog is exampled of what?

A

Assimilation

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20
Q

Picture of Cat and Dog: labeled as Cat and Dog is exampled of what?

A

Accomidation

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21
Q

What type of cognitive development occurs from birth to 2 yrs?

A

Sensorimotor period

  • Exercising reflexes
  • Primary Circular Rxns
  • Secondary Circular Rxns
  • Coordination of secondary schemes
  • Teriary Circular Rxns
  • Intention of new means through mental combination
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22
Q

What and When do we devo exercising reflexes?

A

(0-1 month) = reflex activity, sensorimotor

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23
Q

What and when do we devo Primary Circular Rxns?

A

(1-4 months)= activities w/ own body repeated, coordination

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24
Q

What and when do we devo Secondary Circular Rxns?

A

(4-8 months) = actions to make interests persist, involves events or objects

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25
What/When do we devo Coordination of secondary Schemes?
(8-12 months) = combining schemes to obtain goal
26
What/When do we devo Tertiary Circular Rxns?
(12-18 months) = Trial and error, goal seeking for novel results
27
What/When do we devo Intention of new means through mental combination?
(18-24 months)= representational thought begins
28
What occurs after the Sensorimotor Period?
``` Preoperational Period (2-7 years) -Acquire language and symbolic figures ```
29
What is play important?
promotes understanding and symbolic thought - Vygotsky
30
Types of play during sensorimotor period:
Banging objects/combing objects to create relationship/relational activities/symbolic or pretend play
31
Novelty Preference
Infant prefers objects that are new/novel
32
Habituation
form of learning in which infant decreases response to stimulus after repeated presentations
33
Modes of information Processing
``` Novelty preference Habituation Memory Reaction times Anticipation of patterns Problem solving ```
34
When can a child retrieve partially hidden objects
By month 6
35
When can child search for object totally hidden
By 9 months
36
When can child find a toy displaced from original hiding place?
By 2 years
37
Define Concept of Object permanence
Differentiates self from others Sees self as capable of intentional action Realizes things continue to exist when no longer immediately sensed
38
Auditory Acuity
from birth- child can respond to a voice Responds to/discriminates sounds Localizes a sound (over first 6 months)
39
Speech Patterns
- By 1 year - rhythms of native langauge - Discriminates patterns of sound--melodies
40
Comprehension
Responds to words and short phrases-by 9 months | Has 50 words by 1 year
41
Expressive Communication: 1-10 months
``` Early vocalizations that occur = cooing by 2 months babbling by 4 Chains of sound by 7/8 Different syllables by 10 ```
42
Speaking follows comprehension by _____ | and objects by _____
1 month | 1 year
43
When do gestures devo by?
by 1 year
44
From 1-2 yrs, for each new word produced, how many are comprehended?
5 new words
45
When do children begin 2 word combinations
1-2 years and 50-100 words
46
When do children speak in simple sentances?
By 3 years
47
What type of eye movement do children have at 2-4 months?
have control over focusing and tracking
48
When does pre-reaching decline?
1-4 months
49
When does intentional reaching/grasping with whole hand occur?
3-4 months
50
When can child successfully reach/transfer by hands?
5 months
51
When can child voluntarily release objects?
6 months
52
When does pincer grasp usually devo?
By 1 year
53
Social and emotional Devo at 3 months
Growing self-regulation and interest in world; can be comforted and direct attention sensory and emotional reactions organize
54
Social and Emotional Devo at 5 months
Engage in relationships: display + emotion, engagement, satisfaction towards others
55
Social and Emotional Devo at 9 months
use emotions in interactive and purposeful manner
56
Social and Emotional Devo at 14 months
uses series of interactive emotional signals or gestures to communicate
57
Social and Emotional Devo at 18 months
uses signals to solve problems
58
Social and Emotional Devo at 24 months
uses symbols or ideas to convey feelings
59
Social and Emotional Devo at 30 months
uses symbols or ideas to express more than basic needs
60
Social and Emotional Devo at 42 months
create logical bridges between emotions and ideas
61
Trust V Mistrust devos when? is what? leads to what virtue?
Occurs during infancy Parental nurturing and care, primary event = feeding HOPE
62
Trust vs mistrust at infancy develops:
sense of basic trust in world and ability to affect events around you: - consistency of caregiver is predictable and reliable - leads to feeling secure even when threatened - failure to devo this results in lack of confidence in world and own abilities
63
Autonomy Vs Shame occurs when? Leads to what virtue? is what?
- toddlerhood: 18 months to 2/3 yrs - Virtue of WILL - ability to do things independently, primary event is = Toilet training
64
Primary event of Trust v Mistrust
Feeding
65
Primary event of Autonomy Vs Shame
toilet training
66
Autonomy Vs Shame develops what?
Sense of self control, personal control over enviro - bodily fnx, eating, toys and play, clothing - leads to feelings of secure confidence, separateness * failure here leads to sense of inadequacy and self-doubt

Foundations of Human Behavior: 1 (7 decks)

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