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Foundations of Human Behavior: 1 > Preschoolers > Flashcards

Preschoolers Flashcards

1
Q

Defining characteristics of Preschoolers

A 
3-6 yrs age
more mobile/verbal/explorative
Traits: independence and courage
Socialization and prep for school
Ability to be task oriented
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2
Q

Characteristics of 3 yr old

A

Copies friends/adults
Shows affection w/out prompts
takes turns and gets “mine” “his” “hers”
range of emotions and upsets when routine changes

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3
Q

What age can you draw a circle?

A

3 years old

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4
Q

What age can you draw a square?

A

4 yrs

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5
Q

What age can you draw a triangle?

A

5 yrs

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6
Q

What age can you draw a box / lines

A

6 yrs

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7
Q

What age can you draw a diamond?

A

7yrs

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8
Q

What can child do at 3 yrs old?

A

helps w/ dressing, stacks 10 cubes, rides tricycle, throws overhand, walks up stairs w/ alternating feet
Observe they: broad jump, stand on one foot for 1 sec

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9
Q

What can child do at 4 yrs age?

A

Dress self, brushes own teeth

Observe they can: stand on one foot for 3 secs, copies a cross

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10
Q

When does child draw simple figure of person with just a head an one body part

A

4 yrs old

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11
Q

What can child do at 5 yrs old?

A

Pour own food, ride bike w/ no training wheels, skip and draw person w/ 6 dif body parts

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12
Q

Define Epigenesis

A

Stages of devo requiring successful completion before going to next stage:
CC: child adopted from another country may need help d/t attachment issues that may have been missed in earlier stages of devo

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13
Q

What theory is Erikson responsible for

A

Psychosocial

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14
Q

What theory did Piaget develope?

A

Cognitive

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15
Q

What theory did Freud develop?

A

Psychosexual

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16
Q

What theory did Kohlberg develop?

A

Moral

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17
Q

From age 3-6, what psychosocial crisis is experienced?

A

Initiative Vs Guilt

-Is it okay for me to do, move, act?

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18
Q

What is the key relationship in the Initiative vs Guilt stage?

A

Family

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19
Q

What pyschosocial stage is experienced from 0-1 yrs?

A

Trust vs Mistrust

-Can i trust the world

20
Q

Key relationship in the Trust vs Mistrust

A

Mother

21
Q

What is the key pyschosocial crisis experienced from 2-3?

A

autonomy vs shame and doubt

-Is it okay to be me?

22
Q

What is the key relationship during the autonomy vs shame stage?

A

Parents

23
Q

What virtue is developed in autonomy vs shame stage?

A

Will

24
Q

What virtue is developed in Trust vs Mistrust

A

Hope

25
Q

What virtue is developed in Initiative vs Guilt stage?

A

Purpose

26
Q

List Piagets four stages of development

A

Sensorimotor
Preoperational
Concrete Operational
Formal Operational

27
Q

Sensorimotor

A

Infant goes from reflexive to instinctual action at birth to begining of symbolic thought. Begins to construct understanding of world by coordination sensory experiences w/ physical actions
World through SENSES and ACTIONS
Age: 0-2

28
Q

Preoperational

A

Child represents world with words and images that reflect increased symbolic thinking and go beyond connection of sensory information and physical action
World through LANGUAGES and MENTAL IMAGES
Age: 2-7

29
Q

Concrete Operational

A

Child reasons logically about concrete events and classifies objects into different sets
World through LOGICAL THINKING AND CATEGORIES
Age: 7-11

30
Q

Formal Operational

A

Adolescent reasons in more abstract and logical ways, thought is more idealistic
World through HYPOTHETICAL THINKING AND SCIENTIFIC REASONING
11-15

31
Q

Theory of Preoperational Stage Characteristics

A

Egocentrism: unable to see perspective of others
CC: child can devo anxiety of things can’t control
Responsible for Animism/Animistic Thinking

32
Q

Freuds Stages of Pysychosexual Devo

A 
Oral: 0-2
Anal:2-3
Phallic:3-7
Latency:7-11
Genital: 11-adult
33
Q

Characteristic of Phallic phase

A

3-7

Child learns to realize dif btwn male and female and becomes aware of sexuality

34
Q

Oedipus Complex

A

During phallic phase: male has murderous feelings for dad, will feel guilty, and fears retaliation via castration
Male attraction for mother
-if unresolved, date people like mother

35
Q

Electra Complex

A

During Phallic phase for girls,

  • penis envy
  • if unresolved date people like their father
36
Q

Successful Resolution of the Oedipus Complex or Electra Complex

A

Superego (conscience)

37
Q

Kohlbergs Moral Stages

A
  1. Preconventional
  2. Conventional
  3. Post-Conventional
38
Q

Preconventional

A

How can I avoid punishment and what in it for me

Level 1 of Kohlbergs moral stages

39
Q

Conventional

A

How can I be good? How to I keep on the down low?

Stage 2 of kohlbergs moral stages

40
Q

Post Conventional

A

How can we achieve best for most? How can I achieve justice for all?
Stage 3

41
Q

Pre-Conventional Stages

A

Right and wrong determined by rewards/punishments

  1. Punishment/obediance. Whatever leads to punishment is wrong
  2. Rewards: the right way to behave is the way that is rewarded
42
Q

Conventional Morality

A

Views of others matter. Avoidance of blame; seeking approval
Stage 3; Good intentions, behaving in ways that conform to ‘good behavior’
Stage 4: Obedience to authority. Importance of doing ones duty

43
Q

Post Conventional Morality

A

Abstract notions of justice. Rights of others can override obedience to law/rules

  1. Difference between moral and legal right. Recognition that rules should sometimes be broken
  2. Individual principles of conscience. Takes account of likely view of everyone affected by a moral decision
44
Q

Goodness of Fit

A

How temperament and environment together produce favorable outcomes

45
Q

Involves creating child rearing environments that recognize each child’s temperament while ENCOURAGING adaptive functioning

A

Goodness of Fit

46
Q

Teaching preschoolers

A

Open + honest communication creates lifelong closeness w/ them
Focus on rules, responsibilities and consequences
Teach child to be independent and safe

Foundations of Human Behavior: 1 (7 decks)

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