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Biochem > BIS 103: The Electron Transport Chain > Flashcards

BIS 103: The Electron Transport Chain Flashcards

1
Q

What is complex 1 made of?

A

alpha helices, MANY

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2
Q

Complex 1 e- route

A

1) 2-> NADH
2) 2-> FMN bound to protein
3) line of Fe-S centers, varied
4) ubiqinone OR to pump protons

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3
Q

Complex 1 stuctural anomaly

A

long horizontal a helix - arm for proton transfer

conformation change - opens channel for H entry then exit for 3 of 4 H+’s

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4
Q

What side is most of Complex 1 facing?

A

N side

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5
Q

Where does 4th proton of complex 1 pass?

A

between membrane arm and rest

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6
Q

Arm rxn of complex 1

A

e- binds
pushes arm to open hole
release t close hole, open on P side

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7
Q

What does the heme on Complex 2 do?

A

doesnt accept e-

binds oxygen-stops oxygen from grabbing e- in passage and making a free radical

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8
Q

Complex 2 reactions

A
  1. succinate binds at active site at N SIDE, gives e-
  2. moves thru Fe-S complexes
  3. Passes e- to Q in membrane to make QH2
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9
Q

How is Q made in times of emergency?

A
  1. fatty acyl - Coa’s send e- to FAD, which make Q in seprate enzyme (not complex 1-4)
  2. NADH (indirectly) : e- given to Q
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10
Q

Were does 2Fe-2S complex in Complex 3 move between?

A

Qp to Heme c1

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11
Q

hammerheads of Complex 3 - rxn, why?

A

alternate e- grabbing and sending e- to cytC

1 at time because cytC holds 1 at a time

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12
Q

In what complex are Rieske iron-sulfur proteins?

A

Complex 3 hammerheads

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13
Q

Which complex has a possibly allosteric (unverified fxn) subunit?

A

complex 3

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14
Q

What are in the 2 chambers of complex 3?

A

a population of coQ’s

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15
Q

Methods of H pumping in the complexes

A

1 - idk - arm?
2- none
3- Q cycle
4 - D and K paths - hopping

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16
Q

Mechanism of Complex 3

A
  1. QH2 dumps :
    • 1e- to Rieske -> heme c1-> cytC
    • 1e- to Q -> Q*- radical, neg charge or another to Q
    • 2 H” to pass into P side
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17
Q

ratios from NADH

A

1 NADH to 1 Q to 4H (need 2 rounds in Comp 3)

18
Q

progression of e- in complex 4

A

cytC (4 total)
1st binuclear site (2Cu) subunit 2
2nd binuclear site (Cu Fe) subunit 1
oxygen

19
Q

complex 4 takes in how many H+? via what?

A

8 H+ :

D path takes 6 (into P side), K path takes 2 (to water), so K needs extra

20
Q

complex 4 gatekeeper = ?

A

polypeptide loop ending with 1 glu

chooses if h+ crosses or forms water

21
Q

gatekeeper a acid chemistry

A

glutamine has VERY different pka: 9.7

-grabs H+ to suck through - to filled with water and weak ab groups

22
Q

What drives protons to the N side?

A

entropy

electrochemical force

23
Q

subunits of ATP synthase, structure and functions

A

F1 - 3 dimers of alpha/beta subunits (fit atp btwn to make)

F0 - 7 parts, turn rotor (gamma) to free ATP

24
Q

ATP synthase subunit with half channels

A

a

25
Q

ATP synthase subunit made of ___# of c subunits

A

baseplate - # varies by organism

26
Q

ATP synthase c subunit structure , connections

A

2 alpha helices

connected to plexible polypep chain and gamma subunits

27
Q

draw ATP synthase (list units) - function

A

a
baseplate
2 b2’s
c’s

alpha
beta
gamma
delta
epsilon
28
Q

ATP Synthase’ H+ are driven by

A

entropy

- charge on asp

29
Q

how is there a positive arginine in organic NONPOLAR subunit?

A

-there are negatively charge Aspartate’s whirling around if arent bound to H+ - spin fast - net

30
Q

Where is arg on ATP Synthase? function?

A

on subunit a

protons displace it, stopping protons from entering N half channel without going around

31
Q

Where is asp on ATP Synthase?

A

alpha helix of c subunit

32
Q

chemistry of asp- of ATP Synthase

A

high pka in organic solvent - binds H

low pka near aqueous - releases H

33
Q

What makes H leave into the _ half channel?

A

N - it is coated with nonpolar weak ab groups and filled with water

34
Q

ATP Synthase experiment - parts

A
  • histine on a/b subunits to attach to Nickel complex
  • bind biotin to avidin to actin filament
  • actin filament to fluorescent parkers

make move by adding ATP

35
Q

mechanism of ATP synthesis in ATP Synthase

A

1) adp/pi binds to mid of alpha-beta subunit
2) it’s formed
3) gamma subunit (asymmetric) kicks off the ATP

36
Q

most of the E put into ATP is used to

A

kick ATP out - NOT to make it

37
Q

H+ to make ATP - where?

A

3 H+ for each 120 turn
1 to pump Pi in

4 total

38
Q

what pumps Pi in ____?

A

symporter

into the matrix

39
Q

What pumps ATP4- and ADP3-? where does each go?

A

ATP4- into intermembrane space

ADP into matrix

40
Q

What brings in P?

A

symporter, with H+

Biochem (11 decks)

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