Biting and Stinging Pests Flashcards
(140 cards)
1
Q
What makes stinging social insects more dangerous and more difficult to control?
A
Their mutual defense of the colony. Anyone who ventures too close to a social bee or wasp colony may experience stings not just from one or a few individuals, but possibly dozens to hundreds.
2
Q
Unlike most other bees and wasps, ___________ only sting once.
A
honey bees
3
Q
__________ nests usually consist of 30,000 or more individuals.
A
Honey bee
4
Q
Very aggressive, swarm frequently, store less honey, and more likely to attack in response to nest disturbance.
A
Africanized honey bees (AHBs)
5
Q
Nearly identical to AHBs in appearance, but important behavioral differences.
A
European honey bees
6
Q
Do not build nests in hollow tree trunks or other cavities.
A
Bumble bees
7
Q
Nests are primarily in underground holes or cavaties.
A
Bumble bees
8
Q
Solitary bees nest in
A
underground holes and existing cavaties in wood and other materials
9
Q
Social wasps are known as
A
vespids
10
Q
Yellowjacket wasps, hornets, and paper wasps are
A
social wasps
11
Q
Social wasps make paper nests from
A
chewed-up wood, paper, or cardboard
12
Q
When do social wasps establish colonies
A
spring
13
Q
When do social wasps abandon colonies
A
when winter approaches
14
Q
All social wasps are capable of ___________
A
stinging
15
Q
Social wasps that build their nests below ground, although above-ground nests also occur
A
yellowjacket wasps
16
Q
Often found near trash cans, these wasps are opportunistic and will eat whatever food is available
A
yellowjacket wasps
17
Q
Build their nests exclusively above ground and their colonies are usually relatively small containing 300-400 workers
A
baldfaced hornets
18
Q
Largest social wasp in North America
A
European hornet
19
Q
Relatively small colonies usually containing fewer than 200 workers
A
paper wasps
20
Q
What do predator wasps do to their prey?
A
stings and paralyzes prey, drags it back to nest then an egg is laid on the paralyzed prey, and the resulting larva develops while ingesting it
21
Q
These solitary predators are large and prefer sand and sandy soil for their nesting sites
A
cicada killer wasps
22
Q
Solitary insects that lay their eggs on, or in, other insects or their eggs, which eventually kills them
A
parasitoid wasps
23
Q
Not structural pests and do not sting, these insects when found indoors are usually attacking cockroaches or stored product pests, especially moths
A
parasitoid wasps
24
Q
These flies use their mandibles to cut painful holes in skin
A
deer flies, black flies, and biting midges
25
Known as pool feeders because they mop up pooling blood from the cuts of their hosts
horse flies, deer flies, and black flies
26
Can transmit tulameria to humans after biting infected hosts
Deer fly
27
Adults are capable of flying long distances which makes chemical control not very effective
Horse flies and deer flies
28
No-see-ums and punkies are common names for
tiny biting midges
29
These mosquitoes prefer to feed at night
Culex
30
These mosquitoes readily bite during the day or in the evening
Aedes
31
Most common indoor flea pests in the U.S.
cat flea
32
Where do fleas lay their eggs?
On hosts, but the eggs quickly fall to the floor or pet beds
33
Where do flea eggs hatch?
On the floor or pet beds where they fall off host
34
Where do fleas spend their entire adult life?
On single host, unless groomed off
35
Why is vacuuming beneficial with a flea infestation?
Removes flea excrement and can remove up to 30% of flea larvae and 60% of flea eggs in carpet
36
An unemerged adult flea can remain inactive in the cocoon for how long under adverse conditions or when hosts are absent?
4-5 months
37
Unemerged adult fleas will respond to what type of stimuli?
Increased warmth, CO2, or vibrations
38
Active flea infestation treatment?
IGRs combined with short-lived adulticides with a 7-10 day follow up with adulticide, if needed for fleas emerging from pupal stage
39
Blood-feeding external parasites with a preference for feeding on humans
bed bugs
40
Signs of a bed bug infestation?
Molted exoskeletons, fecal stains on mattresses, eggs, and live or dead bed bugs
41
What stages of bed bugs feed on blood?
Nymphs and adults
42
Bed bugs nymphs go through five instars and require what before each molt?
a boodmeal
43
Adult female bed bugs require what before laying eggs?
a bloodmeal
44
One of the most important aspects of bed bug control
monitoring
45
Proven especially useful for bed bug monitoring programs?
Pitfall traps
46
Bed bug management is most effective when using
an integrated approach (monitoring, sanitation, bed and mattress encasements, foot barriers on bed, residual insecticides having two or more modes of action, and various forms of heat treatment)
47
Hairs are longer and more noticeable on bed bugs or bat bugs?
Bat bugs
48
In addition to bat bugs, what other bugs are in the same family and may also be mistaken?
Bird bugs
49
These bugs may occasionally bite humans, but require their own special hosts to survive for longer periods of time and to reproduce?
Bat bugs and bird bugs
50
Capable of delivering painful bites, these hemipterans are beneficial predators that mainly feed on other insects?
Assassin bugs
51
Also classified as assassin bugs, these bugs feed exclusively on the blood of vertebrates, including humans
Conenose bugs
52
Nocturnal and may bite people while they sleep, these bugs may bite people on their face since it is exposed giving them the nickname
"Kissing bugs" aka Conenose bugs
53
Capable of transmitting a parasite in their feces which causes Chagas disease aka American trypanosomiasis
Conenose bugs
54
Small, wingless insects in the order Phthiraptera
lice
55
Head lice cannot live for more than __________ off of their human hosts
two days
56
Spiders can be classified in what three types of hunting behaviors?
Passive hunters, active hunters, and web builders
57
Tarantulas, trapdoor spiders, and crab spiders can be classified by what hunting behavior?
passive hunters: do not spin webs; instead, they sit and wait for prey to pass by
58
Wolf spiders, ground spiders, jumping spiders, sac spiders, and recluse spiders can be classified by what hunting behavior?
Active hunters: move about in search of prey
59
Orb-weavers, cellar spiders, funnel-web spiders, and widow spiders can be classified by what hunting behavior?
Web builders: use silk to build elaborate structures to entrap or entangle prey
60
This spider can be identified by its semicircular, paired arrangements of its six eyes
Brown recluse spider
61
This spider has a habit of leaving their star-shaped cast skins hanging on timbers and the backs of furniture
Brown recluse spider
62
Shy and not naturally agressive, these spiders frequently live in and around structures
Brown recluse spiders
63
Spin silk, but webbing of these spiders is minimal and used to return to after hunting and where females lay eggs
Brown recluse spiders
64
Venom of these spiders is Necrotic (tissue-killing)
Brown recluse spiders
65
Bites from these spiders can be slow-healing sores, disfiguring skin ulcers, severe pain, and occasionally life-threatening complications
Brown recluse spiders
66
These spiders get their name from the incorrect belief that the females always eat the males after mating
Widow spiders
67
How many structure infesting species of widow spiders are found in all 48 states in the continental U.S.?
Four
68
Egg sacs have spikes all over the surface
Brown widows (Black widow spiders have smooth egg sacs)
69
Males are about half the size of females in these spiders
Widow spiders
70
Venom of these spiders is a neurotoxin
Widow spiders
71
Venom of these spider bites can cause pain, muscle contractions, cramps, perspiration, increased body temperatures, nausea, and in rare cases, death
Widow spiders
72
Weave irregularly-shaped webs and do not clean or recycle (eat) them, as some spiders do, so extensive webbing can be built relatively quickly
Cellar spiders
73
Most of these spiders have eight eyes - two in the middle and three on each side
Cellar spiders
74
These spiders carry their eggs in their fangs
Cellar spiders
75
These spiders hang upside down in their webs as they wait for their prey
Cellar spiders
76
These spiders prefer cool, dark sites like basements, crawl spaces, garages, warehouses, and storage buildings
Cellar spiders
77
Sometimes mistakenly called daddy-longlegs
Cellar spiders
78
These spiders have eight eyes that are arranged in two rows of four
Hobo spiders
79
These spiders are found principally in the Pacific Northwest
Hobo spiders
80
Only have one body part and two eyes, these are often mistaken as daddy-longleg spiders, but are not even in the same order as spiders
Harvestmen
81
These spiders create funnel-like webs in holes or cracks in walls, firewood piles, stacks of bricks, and other places
Hobo spiders
82
These spiders do not climb, but are fast runners
Hobo spiders
83
Eight eyes arranged in two rows, these spiders spin their silk sacs in ceiling corners and can be seen running across ceilings at night
Sac spiders
84
Common backyard and field spiders
wolf spiders
85
These spiders have a 4-2-2 eye pattern: four small eyes on the bottom, two very large eyes in the middle, and two more on the top of their heads
wolf spiders
86
These spiders carry their egg sac at the tip of their abdomen using the spinnerets
wolf spiders
87
Once eggs hatch, these young spiderlings hitch a ride on their mother's back for a while
wolf spiders
88
These spiders have eight eyes that are the same size, but different shapes
ground spiders
89
These spiders can be recognized by a pair of elongate spinnerets at the tip of the abdomen
ground spiders
90
Two large forward eyes, along with six smaller eyes, and may have better vision than all other spiders
Jumping spiders
91
Ticks and mites belong to the arthropod group called
Acari (subclass of Arachnida)
92
Do not go through metamorphosis, but do have four life stages:egg, larva, pupa, and adult
ticks
93
Must have a bloodmeal during each developental stage
ticks
94
Generally considered to be a livestock pest since most do not feed on humans
soft ticks
95
Hardened part of the dorsal portion of the exoskeleton of ticks
scutum
96
More than 90% of hard ticks must do what before reaching the adult stage?
feed on three separate hosts (three-host ticks)
97
Most important tick borne illness in the U.S. by causing more than 300,000 cases each year?
Lyme disease
98
Stage of tick development most likely to transmit Lyme disease?
Nymphs - because they must be attached to their hosts for at least 36 hours for the disease to be transmitted - adults are larger and usually noticed earlier
99
Most important structural tick pest because of their ability of completing their life cycle indoors in the company of their canine hosts?
Brown dog ticks
100
A single female brown dog tick can lay up to _______ eggs in her lifetime.
5,000
101
These adult ticks can live as long as 200 days without a bloodmeal?
Brown dog ticks
102
These mites are sometimes found in homes or other structures, but they do not bite or transmit diseases
clover mites
103
Considered a nuissance pest because of their often-high numbers and may leave stains on curtains, carpets, or other surfaces
clover mites
104
Live in mattresses and upholstered furniture, these mites fecal particles and shed exoskeletons fragments become mixed with floating house dust
house dust mites
105
These mites occasionally bite humans
Bird mites, rodent mites, tropical rat mites, house mouse mites, tropical fowl mites, and northern fowl mites
106
Most mites cannot live more than ________ without sustenance from their hosts
a week or two
107
Mites that live outdoors in grass, soil, and weedy areas
chigger mites
108
This mite larvae can bite people, however, they do not burrow into the skin as many people believe
chigger mite larvae
109
Females burrow through, and feed on, human skin
scabies mites
110
Infestations occur on the wrists, hands, elbows, buttocks, backs of knees, ankles, toes, breats and male genitals
scabies mites
111
Head regions of a scorpion which bears the pedipalps
prosoma
112
Abdominal region of scorpion and bears the legs
mesosoma
113
Region of a scorpion which includes the tail and the stinger
metasoma
114
Only scorpion in the U.S. that is a serious concern for human health
Arizona bark scorpion
115
Social bees and wasps (5)
Yellow jackets
Paper wasps
Hornets
Honey bees
Bumble bees
116
Where are pollen baskets located on pollinating bees and wasps?
Hind legs
117
Only females are capable of ___________
Stinging
Ovipositors are modified to sting - only females have ovipositors
118
Hymenopteran queens lay fertilized eggs that become ____________ and the unfertilized eggs become ___________
Females; males
119
Drones, a.k.a.
Male hymenopteran
120
Drones are non-functional other than
During mating season — they die after mating
121
All offspring produced are __________ until the colony matures (yellow jackets, paper wasps, & hornets)
Females
122
Are both ground and aerial nesters
Yellow jackets
123
Umbrella-like nest construction
Paper wasps
124
Less aggressive than other social hymenopteran
Paper wasps & bumble bees
125
Reddish head, thorax, and wings. Abdomen has bright yellow and wings are amber colored
Hornets
126
Defend nest aggressively and capable of inflicting very painful sting
Hornets
127
When yellow jacket hive is threatened what happens
Workers release alarm pheromones to attract more workers to sting threat
128
Stings are fatal for this social hymenopteran
Honey bee
Barbed stinger remains embedded in victim and continues to pulse venom
129
Provoked by noise levels and large mobile objects
Africanized honey bee (killer bee)
130
Will pursue threats for hundreds of miles
Africanized honey bee (killer bee)
131
European honey bee or Africanized honey bee have shorter wings?
AHB
132
Hairy abdomen =
Shiny abdomen =
Bumble bee; carpenter bee
133
Threatened hives will produce a loud buzzing sound as a deterrent
Bumble bee
134
Chemical treatments for bees/wasps are made
To the nest, not foraging sites
135
For ground bee/wasp nests, __________ are often used to treat the nest and entry points inside
Insecticidal dusts
136
For aerial bee/wasp nests, they should be treated when?
At night to contact workers that may forage during daylight
137
Bee/wasps nests ___________ after colony elimination
Should be removed to prevent reinfestation
138
Dusts work best when applied to an area of __________ around nest entrance
6 inches
139
Structural nests if not cleaned properly or sealed can create a future problem of
Dermestid beetles, spider beetles, and/or psocids
140
Honey bees keep the center of their nest at about 95*F which will
Warm the wall enough that it can often be detected with one’s hand
