Bleeding Disorders Flashcards

(31 cards)

1
Q

What are hte causes of hereditary vascualr abnormalities assoc. with priamry haemostasis issues?

A

Marfans; Ehler Danlos

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2
Q

What are the acquired causes of vascular abnormalities associated with priamry haemostasis problems?

A

vasculitis; old age; scurvy; steroids

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3
Q

Where is bleeding primary haemostasis seen?

A

mucous membranes andl ower limb

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4
Q

What is often the trigger for autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura?

A

often viral: HIV; EBV

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5
Q

What are the causes of thrombocytopenia?

A

reduced production: marrow issue; increased destruction

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6
Q

what are the causes of increased destruction in thrombocyopenia?

A

IPD; DIC; hypersplenism

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7
Q

What are the causes of platelet functional defects?

A

drugs: aspiring; NSAIDs; renal failure

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8
Q

Why would von Willebrand factor deficiency lead to increase in APTT?

A

carries around factor VIII, so will have less VIII for the intrinsic pathway

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9
Q

What is the commonest cause of primary haemostatic failure?

A

thrombocytopenia

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10
Q

What are the causes of failure of fibrin clot formation?

A

multiple clotting factor deficiencies- acquried; single factor deficiency: haemophilia

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11
Q

What are the causes of multiple factor deficiencies?

A

liver failure; vit K deficiency/warfarin; DIC

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12
Q

What are the abnoramlities on blood tests with multiple factor deficiens?

A

prolonged PT and APTT

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13
Q

Where are coag factors synthesised?

A

in hepatocytes

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14
Q

What coag factors are carboxylated by Vit K?

A

II; VII; IX and X

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15
Q

What are the sources of vitamin K?

A

diet (green leafy veg); intestinal bacterial synthesis

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16
Q

What type of vitamin is Vit K?

17
Q

Where is vit K absorbed?

A

upper intestine

18
Q

What are the causes of vit K deficiency?

A

poor dietary intake; malabsorption; obstructive jaundice; warfarin; haemorrhagic disease of the newborn

19
Q

What is DIC?

A

excessive and inappropriate activation of the haemostatic system

20
Q

What happens in DIC?

A

microvascular thrombus formation; clotting factor consumption

21
Q

why are newborns vit k deficient?

A

no dietary vit K (very little in breast milk); no intestinal flora to synthesise; imature liver

22
Q

What are the causes of DIC?

A

sepsis; obstetric emergencies; malignancy; hypovolaemic shock; multiple traum

23
Q

What is the treatment for DIC?

A

treat underlying cause; platelets; plasma; fibrinogen

24
Q

What is the inheritance of haemophilias?

25
What is haemophilia A?
factor VIII deficiency
26
What is haemophilia B?
factor IX deficinecy
27
Which type of blood vessels is there typically bleeding from in haemophilia?
medium-large blood vessels
28
Which coag factor has the shortest half0life?
VII
29
Which test of fibrin clot formation is suually abnormal first in DIC?
PT then APTT
30
Which blood test is abnormal in haemophilia?
APTT
31
What are the clinical features of haemophilia?
recurrent haemarthroses; recurrent soft tissue bleeds; proonged bleeding after procedures