Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Haematology > Chapter 22 > Flashcards

Chapter 22 Flashcards

1
Q

Where do afferent lymphatics drain once entering the lymph node?

A

subcapsular sinus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How does lymph from the subcapsular sinus reach the hilum of the lymph node?

A

medullary cords

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is found within the cortex of the lymph node?

A

nodules of B-cells either as primary follicles or germinal centres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is found wtihin the paracortex or deep cortex?

A

T cell dependent region

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is found within the medulla of the lymph node?

A

medullary cords and sinuses which drain into the hilum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What happens to antigen bound to antibody entering thel ymph node?

A

trapped on the surface of dendritic reciulum cells by their Fc receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Where are dendritic reticulum cells found in the lymph node?

A

primary follicles and germinal centrea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the structure of dendritic reticulum cells?

A

binucelate cells with long cytoplasmic processes linked by desmosomes forming a network throught the germinal centre

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What happens to antigen trapped by DRCs?

A

presented to B cells with the help of T cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the initial step in B cell transformation after antigenic challenge?

A

formation of the centroblast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is a centroblast?

A

rapidly developing cell responeible for exapnsion of the natigen-reactive B-cell clone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the function of the germinal centres?

A

generation of immunoglobulin-secreting plasma cells in response to antigenic challenge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

where are plasma cells mainly found within the lymph node?

A

medullary cords

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the rim of small,round lymphocytes surrounding the germinal centre called?

A

mantle zone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are mantle zone B cells?

A

a population of post-germinal centre B cells which accumulate adjacent to the mantle zone during florid B cell reactions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What cluster of differentiation antigen is expressed by help T cells?

A

CD4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the specialised antigen-presenting cells found within the paracortex?

A

interdigitating reticulum cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Where are medullary cords foudn within the medulla?

A

between the sinuses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Where are macrophages mainly foudn in the lymph nodes?

A

lining the sinuses to phagocytose debris

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is sinus histocytosis?

A

hyperplasia of the lining macrophages of the sinuses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Why are B cells which become Reed-Sternberg cells thought to come from the germinal centre ?

A

there is evidence of somatic hypermutation of the immunoglobulin genes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is stage 1 Hodgkins disease?

A

involvement of a single lymph node region

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what is stage 2 Hodgkins disease?

A

involvement of two or more lymph node regions on the same side of the diaphragm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is stage 3 Hodgkins disease?

A

involvement of lymph node regions on both sides of hte diaphragm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What is stage 4 hodgkins disease?
disseminated invovlement of one or more extra-lymphatic organs eg liver, lung and bone marrow with or without lymph node involvement
26
What does the suffix B on the staging of Hodgkins disease indicate?
presence of B symptoms
27
What does the prefix X on the staging of Hodgkins indicate?
presence of bulky disease
28
what does the prefix E on the staging of Hodgkins indicate?
involvement of a single extranodal site contiguous with or poriximal to a known nodal site
29
What blood abnormalties are seen with Hodgkins?
anaemia; lymphocytopenia; raised ESR and low albumin
30
What is the difference between affected lymph nodes in Hodgkins and NHL?
in Hodgkins there is rarely breaching of the lymph node capsule
31
What is the commonest subtype of Hodgkins?
nodular sclerosing
32
Wat is seen on lymph node architecture with nodular sclerosing Hodgkins?
replaced by cellular nodules which are separated by bands of collagen
33
What specific cell is seen with nodular sclerosing Hodgkins?
lacunar cell
34
What is the sex ratio generally seen with Hodgkins?
male predominance
35
What are solid tumours of the mononuclear phagocytic system called?
histiocytic lymphoma
36
Waht nuclear antigen do precursor lymphoid neoplasms express?
terminal deoxynucleotidyl transgerase- TdT
37
How is lymphoblastic lymphoma and leukaemia differentiated?
between number of lymphoblasts present in the bone marrow
38
What chromosomal translocation is seen with Burkitt's lymphoam?
c-myc gene at 8p24 into immunoglobulin heavy chain gene locus t(8;14)
39
What infections are associated with burkitt's lymphoma?
EBV and malaria
40
What is classic appearnce of Burkitts lymphoma on histology?
starry sky
41
Which areas of the world are T-cell lymphomas more common?
Japan and Caribbean
42
What virus is implicated in T-cell lymphoma?
human T-cell leukaemia/lymphoma virus (HTLV-1)
43
What are the cutaneous T cell lymphomas?
mycosis fungiodes and sezary syndrome
44
Where are Peyer's patches found?
ileum
45
What pharyngeal pouch does the thymus derive from?
3rd
46
What germinal layer is the spleen derived from?
mesoderm
47
What are the aggregates of lymphoid cells aroudn the central arteries and arterioles called?
white pulp
48
What is foudn wtihin the per-arteriolar lymphoid sheath?
t cells
49
What is produced in the white pulp?
antibodies
50
What is found at the junction of red and white pulp, and surrounding the PALS and b-cell follicle?
marginal zone lymphocytes
51
What is the function of the red pulp?
destruction of senescent red cells and phagocytosis of particulate material
52
What is the dual circulation seen in the red pulp?
open-splenic cords and closed-sinusoids
53
What is the removal of Howell-Jolly bodies known as?
pitting
54
What are the usual post-hepatic causes of splenomegaly?
right-sided heart failure and pulmonary or tricuspid alve disease
55
What are Gamna-Gandy nodules?
firm brown nodules of areas of healed infarction
56
What is the difference between mycosis fungoides and sezary syndrome?
mycosis fungiodes initially confined to focal skin lesions whereas in sezary syndrome there is more general involvemtn incl. atylical cells in the blood
57
What is typicall overexpressed in mantle cell lymphomas?
cyclin D1
58
Waht are stipple cells assocaited with?
esp. thalassaemia; lead poisoning; megaloblastic anemia; myelodysplastic syndromes
59
Who are siderotic granules seen in?
iron overload patients and hyposplenic
60
What is a leukoerythroblastic film?
nucleated red cell precursors amd immature neutrohils presence in peripheral blood
61
What staining is used to detect reticulocytes?
supravital staining
62
What are Heinz bodies?
denatured Hb
63
What are pencil cells seen in?
IDA
64
When are target cells seen?
IDA; megaloblastic anaemia; haemoglobinopathy; liver disease; hyposplenism
65
When are microspherocytes seen?
hereditary spherocytosis; immune haemolytic anaemia; burns
66
When are tear-drop cells seen?
myelofibrosis; marrow infiltration
67
When are schistocytes seen?
microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia
68
Waht are causes of microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia?
haemolytic uraemic syndrome; DIC; TTP: physical traum to RBCs as forced through narrow or damaged ares in microvasculature
69
When are howell-jolly bodies seen?
hyposplenism; megaloblastic anaemia
70
When are Heinz bodies seen?
G6PD deficiency; hyposplenism; haemologobinopathies

Haematology (29 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions