Block 1 Lecture 13 Flashcards
(25 cards)
what does a chemical synapse depend on
- APs reaching axon terminals
- voltage gated Ca2+ channels opening
- Ca2+ binds to receptor protein in cytoplasm
- Ca2+ protein complex stimulates;ates fusion and exocytosis of neurotransmitter
how can synapse function be changed
amount or activity of vGLUT transporters
how does changing the amount of vGLUT transporters effect a synapse
linked to protein synthesis and axonal transport
how does changing the activity of vGLUT transporters effect a synapse
linked to H+ ATPase, signaling pathways and metabolism
what does selectivity of communication depend on
- which neurotransmitter
2. which receptor
what is the NMDA receptor activated by
psychoactive drugs
what is the CB receptor affected by
THC in marijuana
how do you terminate a synaptic response
reuptake of glutamates,ate, GABA, serotonin, dopamine (neurotransmitters)
what type of receptors are cannabinoid receptors
GPCRs
what doe SSRIs do
block serotonin reputake sites, allowing reotonin to remain active in the synapse longer
what effects does cocaine have
blocks reuptake of dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin and accumulates in synapse
what effects do amphetamines have
they stimulate the release of dopamine which overwhelms the process of reuptake
what effects does nicotine have
stimulates release of dopamine and another substance in cigarettes block the MAO enzyme that catalyzes dopamine breakdown, stimulates nicotinic receptor
what effects does methylphenidate (Ritalin) have
blocks reuptake of dopamine but more gradually
what effects does ecstasy have at low doses
increases release of dopamine accounting for its stimulant properties
what effects does ecstasy have at high doses
releases serotonin accounting for hallucinogenic properties
what does THC attach to
cannabinoid receptors
what does the body produce that attaches to nicotinic receptors and cannabinoid receptors
anandamide and endocannabinoids
what do endorphins do
attach to same receptors as opiates, they inhibition’s the release of GABA
what type of receptors are opioid receptors
GPCRs
what do opiates do
decrease sensitivity to pain
what happens with continued drug use
the system responds by desensitization and/or by reducing the number of opioid receptor sites
how can cells diminish responsiveness to prevent overstimulation
receptor sequestration
receptor down regulation
receptor inactivation
what are the opioid receptor antagonists
naltrexone HCl
naloxone HCl
