Block 3 Lecture 29 Flashcards
(24 cards)
what is metabolic syndrome
a condition in humans where there is a clustering of specific pathologies that represent an increased cardiovascular disease risk
what are some other names for metabolic syndrome
syndrome X, insulin resistance syndrome, cardio metabolic syndrome
what are the main components of metabolic syndrome
- visceral obesity
- insulin resistance
- hyperinsulinemia
- glucose intolerance
- dyslipidemia
- essential hypertension
what are the additional components of metabolic syndrome
- adipocyte dysfunction
- accelerated atherosclerosis
- endothelial dysfunction
- renal dysfunction
- hepatic steatosis
- inflammation
- hypercoaguability
what is adipocyte dysfunction
dysregulation of adipokine secretion
what is accelerated athersclerosis
increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality
what is endothelial dysfunction
dysregulation of microcircualtroy responses
what is renal dysfunction
micro or macroalbuminuria
what is hepatic steatosis
elevated lipid storage
what is inflammation
increased inflammatory markers such as C-reactive protein (CRP)
what is hypercoaguability
increased fibrinogen and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1)
what happens in insulin resistance
normal or elevated insulin levels do not elicit the expected response in an organism
where is the primary site of glucose disposal
skeletal muscle
what is hyperinsulinemia
a condition in which an increase in insulin secretion is brought about in order to compensate for the established insulin resistant state and keep blood glucose as close to normal as possible
what is the oral glucose tolerance test
a tool used to assess the ability of the body to dispose of glucose after a glucose load
what is glucose excursion
an increase in glucose above baseline following the ingestion of glucsoe
what happens in individuals with impaired glucose tolerance
the glucose has a more rapid increase at onset of the test and a longer time needed for the return of plasma glucose to baseline
what is dyslipidemia
rearrangement of circulating levels of specific lipids
what happens in dyslipidemia
- excess plasma triglycerides and free fatty acids after a meal and while fasting
- decreases in HDL cholesterol and PHLA
- increased small, dense LDL
what does a decrease in PHLA do
decreased ability to catabolize lipids in response to heparin which would contribute to excess lipid levels
what does increased LDL do
promotes the formation of fatty plaques that can occlude the artery and impair blood flow
what does dyslipidemia contribute to
insulin resistance and increased risk of cardiovascular disease
what is essential hypertension
elevations in systolic and diastolic blood pressure
what is essential hypertension the result of
insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia causes alterations in sympathetic outflow that impacts the vasculature and the kidney to cause increase in blood volume and peripheral resistance
