Block 3 Lecture 30 Flashcards
(29 cards)
what is the normal set point for blood glucose after an overnight fast
90mg/dl or 5mM
what is the criterion for IGT
between 140 mg/dl and 200 mg/dl
what is criterion for diabetes
above 200 mg/dl
what are the major organ system involved in whole body glucose homeostasis
skeletal muscle, liver, pancreas, adipose tissue, hypothalamus
what happens in skeletal muscle
-major tissue responsible for the peripheral disposal of glucose in response to a glucose load
how is glucose taken up in skeletal muscle
by myocytes
what can glucose transport in skeletal muscle be triggered by
insulin or by muscle contraction associate events
what happens in the liver
it plays a role is glucoregulation and storage and production
how does the liver take up glucose
from hepatic portal circulation and from general peripheral circulation
what is HGP
liver secretes glucose in hepatic glucose production
what is HGP mediated by
gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis
what is gluconeogenesis
synthesis of new glucose molecules
what is glycogenolysis
breakdown of glycogen stored in the liver
what are the 2 cell types in the pancreas
alpha cells and beta cells
what do beta cells do
secrete and synthesize insulin
what do alpha cells do
synthesize and secrete glucagon
what happens in adipose tissue
storage of glucose and adipokine secretion
what are adipokines
regulatory factors that have effects on cells in the CNS, skeletal muscle and the liver
what adipokines have negative modulatory effects
- TNF alpha
- resistin
- IL6
- PAI-1
- angiotensin
what adipokines have positive modulatory effects
-adiponectin and leptin
what happens in the hypothalamus
neurons are sensitive to insulin, glucagon, glucose, adipokines, and free fatty acids which signal response in the body
what is the result of metabolic syndrome with IGT
limited oxidative stress and AGE
what is the result of metabolic syndrome with diabetes
major role of oxidative stress and AGE
what are the effects of long term glucose dysregulation
- long term hyperglycemia can harm many organ systems and increase the risk of cardiovascular disease, and the complications of diabetes
- oxidative stress
- AGEs
