Block 1 OSPE/VIVA prep Flashcards
(31 cards)
Hydramnios are also known as…
Polyhydramnios
What are Hydramnios and what are the causes
Pregnancy in which there is an excess of amniotic fluid around the baby
Can be caused by maternal or fetal factors
Maternal: mom has diabetes
Fetal: issue in CNS or digestive tract
What is a placenta and enlist its layers
Placenta is a temporary organ developed in the uterus during pregnancy
It has 3 layers
1. Amnion
2. Chorion
3. Decidua
What is the Amnion
Innermost layer of the placenta
Consists of a single layer of ectodermal epithelium cells that surround the embryo
What is the chorion
Outermost layer of the placenta
2 cell layers: cytotrophoblast and syncytiotrophoblast
Surrounding the amniotic sac
What is the Decidua
the maternal endometrium
Having 3 parts
1. Decidua basalis
2. Decidua capsularis
3. Decidua parietalis
What are the 3 germ layers?
Ectoderm
Mesoderm
Endoderm
What are the functions of the placenta
- Provide fetus with oxygen and nutrients
- Remove waste products
- Produce hormones (progestrone, hCG, estrogen, etc)
Vital for growth and development of fetus
Where/when does fertilization usually occur
Within 24 hours after ovulation
In the ampulla of fallopian tube
What is fertilization
Process by which sperm and oocyte fuse to form a zygote
Ectoderm gives rise to…
Nervous system
Skin
Sensory organs
Mesoderm gives rise to…
Muscles
Bones
Blood vessels
Kidneys
Endoderm gives rise to..
The lining of
Digestive tract
Live
Pancrea
Steps of Fertilization
- Capacitation
- Penetration
- Fusion
- Activation
Capacitation involves
Changing the sperm so that it is able/allowed to penetrate the zona pellucida
Penetration involves
Sperm penetrates the zona pellucida and fused with oocyte membrane
Fusion involves
Nuclei of sperm and oocyte fusing to form a zygote
Activation involves
Oocyte changing to become a zygote
State hormones that can cross placenta and are harmful to the fetus
Thyroid Hormone
Adrenal Steroids
Insulin
What is the site of implantation and when does it usually occur
Site is uterine wall: posterior-superior wall of endometrium
6-10 days after fertilization
What is Twin-to-Twin Transfusion Syndrome
One twin receives too much blood (heart failure)
Other receives too little (anemia)
What is a congenital infection
Infection acquired during pregnancy
What is an ectopic pregnancy?
Blastocyst implants outside the uterine cavity
Commonly in the fallopian tubes
What is fetal anemia
Condition in which baby/fetus has a decreased amount of red blood cells
