BLOCK 11 Flashcards
(32 cards)
what food is folic acid found in?
spinach, mushrooms and green leaves
outline the metabolism of folic acid in the body?
its converted to tetrahydrofolic acid and methyltetrahydrofolate by dihydrofolate reductase
what are 2 indications for folic acid?
folate deficiencies and megaloblastic anaemia
what class of drug is desogestrel?
synthetic progesterone
what class of drug is desogestrel?
synthetic progesterone
how does desogestrel work?
it binds to progesterone and oestrogen receptors slowing the frequency of GnRH from the hypothalamus and reducing the LH surge and maintaining high levels of progesterone
what is oxytocin used for?
to induce labour
how does oxytocin work?
it activates receptors on the uterus which increase intracellular Ca2+ causing muscle contraction
what is oxytocin involved in in men?
movement of sperm, production of testosterone
what type of drug is ethinylestradiol?
synthetic derivative of oestrogen estradiol
what’s the moa of ethinylestradiol?
it interacts with oestrogen receptor which regulates gene transcription. this leads to an increase in hepatic synthesis of sex hormone binding globulin, thyroid binding globulin and other serum proteins. it also suppresses FSH release. during menstruation it causes maturation/release of the egg and thickens the uterus lining to allow for implantation
what has too much estradiol been linked to?
acne, constipation, loss of sex drive and depression
what has too little estradiol been linked to
bone growth retardation and development
in men what do proper oestradiol levels link to?
bone maintenance, nitric oxide production and brain function
what type of drug is dinoprostone?
a prostaglandin E2 receptor agonist
what is dinoprostone used for?
vaginal suppository to induce cervical ripening and labour
how does flucloxacillin work?
it inhibits penicillin-binding-protein in the cel wall which prevents the last stage bacterial cell wall synthesis. cell lysis can then occur
what type of drug us tetracycline?
30s inhibitor
what is tetracyclines moa?
it binds to the bacterial 30s subunit and blocks incoming tRNA from binding to the ribosome receptor site. this inhibits translation and therefore bacterial growth
what do we tend to prescribe these days instead of tetracycline?
doxycycline
what type of drug is gentamicin?
a 30S/50S inhibitor amino glycoside
what types of gram negative bacterial-causing infections is gentamicin indicated for?
pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, enterobacter
what’s the downside of aminoglycosides?
can cause significant ear and kidney damage
what type of drug is sodium valproate?
an anti-convulsant
