BLOCK 15 Flashcards
(30 cards)
what type of drug is allopurinol?
a xanthine oxidase inhibitor
what are the indications of allopurinol?
prevention of gout and renal calculi
treats uric acid nephorpathy, hyperuricaemia and some solid tumours
whats the moa of allopurinol?
inhibits xanthine oxidase which prevents conversion of oxypurines hypoxanthine and xanthine to uric acid
what type of drug is diphenoxylate?
an antidiarrhoeal
what is diphenoxylates indication?
diarrhoea
what is diphenoxylates moa?
its rapidly metabolised to diphenoxylic acid which is an opiate receptor agonist that stimulates mu receptors in the GI tract
This decreases peristalsis, constructs sphincters, enhances segmentation and prolonged GI transit time
what type of drug is loperamide?
an antidiarrhoeal
what are the indications of loperamide?
controlling and symptomatic relief od acute nonspecific diarrhoea and of chronic diarrhoea associated with inflammatory bowel disease
what is loperamide moa?
its a non-selective calcium channel blocker which also binds to opioid mu receptor in the myenteric plexus.
what type of drug is kaolin?
an antidiarrhoeal
what is kaolins moa?
its a form of aluminium silicate that is effective at absorbing water, toxins and bacteria
this increases the firmness of the stool
what type of drug is isphagula husk?
a bulk forming laxative
what is isphagula husks moa?
it cannot be broken down in the gut so acts to add bulk to the stool. it can also absorb excess water which increases peristalsis and alleviates constipation
what type of drug is lactulose?
an osmotic laxative
what is the moa of lactulose?
its a synthetic sugar which is brown down to lactic acid by colonic bacteria
this results in an increase in osmotic pressure and slight acidification of the colonic contents causing an increase in stool water content, softening the stool
what type of drug is octreotide?
an anti diarrhoeal
what is octreotides moa?
it binds to somatostatin receptors and can lead to adenyl cyclase inhibition.
what has octreotide been used to treat?
diarrhoea associated with metastatic carcinoid tumours and vasoactive intestinal peptide secreting adenomas
what type of drug is bisacodyl?
a stimulant laxative
what is bisacodyl used for?
to clean the colon for example prior to a colonoscopy
what is bisocodyles moa?
its hydrolysed by intestinal brush border enzymes and colonic bacteria
this forms an active metabolite that acts directly on the colonic mucosa to produce colonic peristalsis
what type of drug is docusate sodium?
a stimulant/detergent laxative
what is docusate sodium used for?
the first method to help relieve occasional constipation
can also be used to help prevent straining to have a bowel movement in patients who have had an MI or surgery
what is docusate sodiums proposed action?
to lower the surface tension of the stool to permit water and lipids to enter more rapidly and soften the faeces
