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Phase 1: Drug List > Block 3 > Flashcards

Block 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

Name 4 dopaminergics.

A

Levodopa (L-dopa), pramipexole, ropinirole and rotigotine.

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2
Q

What is the mechanism of action of levodopa?

A

Dopamine precursor.

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3
Q

What is the mechanism of action of pramipexole, ropinirole and rotigotine.

A

Dopamine receptor agonists (synthetic).

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4
Q

Name 2 dopa-decarboxylase inhibitors.

A

Carbidopa and benserazide.

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5
Q

What is the mechanism of action of dopa-decarboxylase inhibitors?

A

Stops breakdown of levodopa in the periphery by

inhibiting dopa-decarboxylase.

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6
Q

Name 2 COMT (catechol-O-methyl transferase) Inhibitors.

A

Entacapone and tolcapone.

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7
Q

What is the mechanism of action of COMT inhibitors?

A

Stops breakdown of DA in the CNS by inhibition of COMT.

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8
Q

Name 2 MAOIB (monoamine oxidase inhibitors, B form)

inhibitors.

A

Rasagiline and selegiline.

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9
Q

What is the mechanism of action of MAOIB (monoamine oxidase inhibitors, B form)
inhibitors?

A

Stops breakdown of DA in CNS by inhibition of MAOIB.

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10
Q

Name 3 anticholinergics.

A

Orphenadrine, procyclidine and trihexphenidyl.

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11
Q

What is the mechanism of action of anticholinergics?

A

Muscarinic cholinergic receptor antagonist.

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12
Q

Name a dopamine-depleting drug.

A

Tetrabenazine.

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13
Q

What is the mechanism of action of tetrabenazine?

A

Blocks VMAT, preventing uptake of DA into vesicles.

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14
Q

What is the mechanism of action of paracetamol?

A

Non-selective COX inhibitor (CNS).

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15
Q

Name 4 NSAIDs.

A

Aspirin, ibuprofen, diclofenac and naproxen.

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16
Q

What is the mechanism of action of NSAIDs?

A

Non-selective COX inhibitors.

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17
Q

Name 2 COX2-selective NSAIDs.

A

Celecoxib and etoricoxib.

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18
Q

What is the mechanism of action of celecoxib and etoricoxib?

A

Selective COX-2 inhibitor.

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19
Q

Name 2 weak opioid analgesics.

A

Codeine and dihydrocodeine.

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20
Q

What is the mechanism of action of opioid analgesics?

A

Opioid receptor agonist.

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21
Q

Name 2 strong opioid analgesics.

A

Morphine and diamorphine.

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22
Q

Name a partial/mixed agonist opioid analgesic.

A

Buprenorphine.

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23
Q

What is the mechanism of action of buprenorphine?

A

Opioid receptor agonist (μ)/antagonist (κ).

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24
Q

Name 2 opioid receptor antagonists.

A

Naloxone and naltrexone.

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25
Name 2 drugs used in the management of opioid addiction.
Methadone and buprenorphine
26
What's the mechanism of action of methadone?
Opioid receptor agonist.
27
Name 3 AEDs used to treat neuropathic pain.
Gabapentin (AED), pregabalin (AED) and carbamazepine (AED).
28
What is the mechanism of action of gabapentin?
Inhibits VDCC and increases GABA transmission.
29
What is the mechanism of action of pregabalin?
Inhibits VDCC.
30
What is the mechanism of action of carbamazepine?
Sodium channel blocker.
31
Name 2 tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs).
Amitriptyline and nortriptyline.
32
What is the mechanism of action of TCAs?
SRI, NRI, H1 antagonist, M1 antagonist, adrenergic | antagonist.
33
Name 2 SSRIs.
Sertraline and citalopram.
34
What is the mechanism of action of SSRIs?
Inhibits the serotonin (5HT) reuptake pump.
35
Name a monoamine (A) oxidase inhibitor (MAOI).
Moclobemide.
36
What is the mechanism of action of MAOIs?
Stops breakdown of monoamines in CNS. Reversible | inhibitor of monoamine oxidase A (RIMA).
37
Name 6 atypical antidepressants.
Reboxetine, bupropion, buspirone, agomelatine, venlafaxine and mirtazapine.
38
What is the mechanism of action of reboxetine?
NRI.
39
What is the mechanism of action of bupropion?
NDRI.
40
What is the mechanism of action of buspirone?
5HT1a partial agonist.
41
What is the mechanism of action of agomelatine?
Melatonin agonist.
42
What is the mechanism of action of venlafaxine?
SNRI.
43
What is the mechanism of action of mirtazapine?
α2-adrenergic antagonist.
44
Name 3 second generation antipsychotics.
Amisulpride, risperidone and clozapine.
45
What is the mechanism of action of amisulpride?
Serotonin (5HT7) and dopamine (D2) antagonist.
46
What is the mechanism of action of risperidone and clozapine?
Serotonin (5HT2A) and dopamine (D2) antagonist.
47
Name 2 first generation antipsychotics.
Chlorpromazine and haloperidol.
48
What is the mechanism of action of first generation antipsychotics?
Selective dopamine (D2) receptor antagonist.
49
What drug class does lithium belong to?
Mood stabiliser.
50
Name 5 general anaesthetics.
Isoflurane, propofol, nitrous oxide, sevoflurane and ketamine.
51
What is the mechanism of action of ketamine?
NMDA (glutamate) receptor antagonist.
52
Name 3 local anaesthetics.
Lidocaine, bupivacaine and levobupivacaine.
53
What is the mechanism of action of local anaesthetics?
Voltage-gated sodium channel blockers.
54
Name 4 neuromuscular blockers.
- Suxamethonium (depolarising) - Atracurium (non-depolarising) - Vecuronium (non-depolarising) - Neostigmine
55
What is the mechanism of action of suxamethonium?
Initially depolarisation and desensitization of AChR.
56
What is the mechanism of action of vecuronium and atracurium?
Competitive antagonist at AChR
57
What is the mechanism of action of neostigmine?
Peripheral inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase.
58
Name 2 drugs used for reversing NMB block.
Sugammadex and neostigmine.
59
What is the mechanism of action of sugammadex?
Oligosaccharide that forms a complex with NMB | removing them from NMJ.
60
Name 7 muscle relaxants/sedatives/anxiolytic-hypnotic.
- Zolpidem (‘Z-drug’) - Temazepam (BDZ) - Dexmedetomidine - Propranolol - Alfentanil - Fentanil (or ‘-yl’) - Remifentanil
61
What is the mechanism of action of zolpidem?
GABA PAM (mechanistically identical to BDZ).
62
What is the mechanism of action of temazepam?
GABA PAM.
63
What is the mechanism of action of dexmedetomidine?
α2-adrenergic receptor agonist.
64
What is the mechanism of action of alfentanil, fentanil and remifentanil?
Opioid receptor agonist.
65
Name a BDZ antagonist.
Flumazenil.
66
What is the mechanism of action of flumazenil?
BDZ antagonist.
67
Name 4 anti-epilepsy drugs (AEDs).
Sodium valproate, lamotrigine, ethosuximide and carbemazepine.
68
What is the mechanism of action of sodium valproate, lamotrigine and carbemazepine?
Sodium channel blocker
69
What is the mechanism of action of ethosuximide?
Calcium channel blocker (T-type).
70
Name 3 benzodiazepines (BDZ).
Midazolam, lorazepam and diazepam.
71
What is the mechanism of action of BDZs?
GABA PAM (γ-subunit).
72
Name 3 barbiturates (Barb).
Phenobarbitone, pentobarbitone and primidone.
73
What is the mechanism of action of barbiturates (Barb)?
GABA PAM (β-subunit).
74
Name 3 anticholinesterases used to treat dementia.
Donepezil, galantamine and rivastigmine.
75
What is the mechanism of action of anticholinesterases?
Inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase (reversible).
76
Name a glutamate (NMDA) receptor antagonist.
Memantine.
77
What is the mechanism of action of memantine?
VD blocker of NMDA receptors (NMDA NAM).
78
Name 3 antimicrobial/antiviral drugs used for CNS infection.
Ceftriaxone, acyclovir and amoxicillin.
79
What is the mechanism of action of ceftriaxone?
Inhibits synthesis of cell walls in bacteria.
80
What is the mechanism of action of acyclovir?
Inhibits viral DNA synthesis.
81
What is the mechanism of action of amoxicillin?
Induces cell lysis by blocking the last stages of cell wall | synthesis.
82
Name a corticosteroid used to treat CNS infection.
Dexamethasone.
83
What is the mechanism of action of dexamethasone?
Glucocorticoid receptor agonist.

Phase 1: Drug List (5 decks)

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