block 6 lecture 1 localisation and function

Question 1

what happens in fMRI?

Answer 1

put person in machine ask them to look at some thing record what part of the brain lights up

Question 2

what is a PET scan?

Answer 2

introducing radioactively labelled substance, take scan at rest, take scan while doing something and observe additional uptake or substance

Question 3

where is the cortex thinnest?

Answer 3

visual cortex

Question 4

where is the cortex thickest?

Answer 4

primary motor cortex

Question 5

what does the map of the map of the different histological layers show?

Answer 5

different cell types

Question 6

what is the main blood supply to the brain?

Answer 6

carotid arteries and vertebral arteries

Question 7

what are the vertebral arteries branches of?

Answer 7

subclavian

Question 8

where does the left common carotid come from?

Answer 8

aortic arch

Question 9

where does the right common carotid come from?

Answer 9

branches from the right braqchiocephalic artery

Question 10

what does the bifurcation of the common carotid arteries gives rise to?

Answer 10

the internal and external carotid arteries

Question 11

what does the external common carotid artery supply?

Answer 11

face and scalp

Question 12

what does the internal common carotid artery supply?

Answer 12

brain

Question 13

what do the vertebral arteries join to form?

Answer 13

basal arteries

Question 14

what does the basal artery give rise to?

Answer 14

pontine, inferior cerebellar, superior cerebellar, posterior cerebral arteries

Question 15

what does the internal carotid bifurcate into?

Answer 15

anterior and middle cerebral arteries

Question 16

where do lesions of the primary motor, somatosensory or visual areas present?

Answer 16

controlaterally

Question 17

what happens in a primary motor lesion?

Answer 17

controlateral hemiparesis

Question 18

what is controlateral hemiparesis?

Answer 18

half weakness

Question 19

what happens in a primary somatosensory lesion?

Answer 19

controlateral hemianasthesia

Question 20

what is controlateral hemianasthesia?

Answer 20

half lack of sensation

Question 21

in hemiaopia where is the lesion?

Answer 21

controlateral primary visual area

Question 22

what is hemiaopia?

Answer 22

lack of visual field on one side

Question 23

where is thinking done most commonly?

Answer 23

right hemisphere

Question 24

where is language done most commonly?

Answer 24

left hemisphere

Question 25

where is spacial orientation done most commonly?

Answer 25

right hemisphere

Question 26

what does heisphere dominance refer to?

Answer 26

which of your hemispheres is responsible for language comprehension

Question 27

why do unilateral lesions in language only last a period of time?

Answer 27

other hemisphere assumes the function

Question 28

a lesion at area 4 results in what?

Answer 28

facial paralysis

Question 29

a lesion in area 6 leads to?

Answer 29

hyperflexior - excessive tendon reflex

Question 30

what happens if you get a lesion at region 8?

Answer 30

cant move eyelids to the opposite side

Question 31

where is the motor region?

Answer 31

everything anterior to the central sulcus

Question 32

what is posterior of the central sulcus?

Answer 32

sensory: parietal, occipital, temporal lobes

Question 33

what do you get if you lose the primary sensory areas 3 1 and 2?

Answer 33

loss of touch, pressure and proprioception controlaterally

Question 34

what do you get if you lose secondary sensory area?

Answer 34

pain

Question 35

what is tactile agnosia?

Answer 35

ability to identify something by touch

Question 36

what do you get if you have lesion in area 40?

Answer 36

contralateral heminnoglect

Question 37

what is hemioneglect?

Answer 37

dont care about the other side of the body

Question 38

what is aplaxia?

Answer 38

ability to perform skilled movements you could do before

Question 39

what is the area that causes contralateral aplaxia?

Answer 39

40

Question 40

what do you lose at area 39?

Answer 40

alexia, dyslexia and agraphia

Question 41

what is agraphia?

Answer 41

the ability to write language

Question 42

what happens in Brocas?

Answer 42

you can understand language but cant speak it

Question 43

in Brocas where is the lsion?

Answer 43

posterior inferior frontal lobe

Question 44

what happens in Werinckles?

Answer 44

can speak but you cant understand

Question 45

where is the auditory area?

Answer 45

on temporal operculum

Question 46

why is the primary auditory area not visible?

Answer 46

in the sulcus

Question 47

how is hearing found in the brain?

Answer 47

bilaterally - each ear is represented on both hemispheres

Question 48

what is cranial nerve 8?

Answer 48

vestibulocochlear nerve

Question 49

what supplies primary sensory and motor cortexs, Brocas, Wernicas, premotor, primary auditory and language areas?

Answer 49

medial cerebral artery

Question 50

what is a direct continuation of the internal carotid?

Answer 50

medial cerebral artery

Question 51

how does the medial cerebral artery supply the basal ganglia, internal capsule and thalamus?

Answer 51

lateral striate arteries

Question 52

what happens if you get a stroke of the middle cerebral artery?

Answer 52

lesion of upper motor neurons contralaterally

Question 53

what does a lesion of the prefrontal cortex cause?

Answer 53

changes in personality, concentration, abstract thought and forsite

Question 54

what artery supplies the prefrontal cortex?

Answer 54

middle cerebral artery and anterior cerebral artery

Question 55

what does the anterior cerebral artery supply?

Answer 55

medial aspect of the hemisphere - corpus calosum

Question 56

what happens in stroke of the anterior cerebral artery?

Answer 56

contralateral upper motor neuron hemiplegia and hemiparesis contralateral hemianasthesia prefrontal cortical lesion - forsite...

Question 57

where is the primary visual area?

Answer 57

occipital lobe

Question 58

where does the calcerine sulcus run to?

Answer 58

apex of the occipital lobe

Question 59

what are the gyri on either side of the calcerine sulcus?

Answer 59

primary occipital areas

Question 60

what do association area do in relation to vision?

Answer 60

link vision to memory