BLOCK C PT 2 Flashcards
(25 cards)
WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENT WAYS PATHOGENS ENTER THE BODY
-EYES
-MOUTH
-NOSE
-WOUNDS OR BOTES THAT BREAK THE SKIN BARRIER
-UNROGENITAL TRACT
NAME THE DIFFERENT FORMS OF PARASITES
-UNICELLULAR=INTRA/EXTRACELLULAR WITH DIFFERENT LIFE CYCLES
-MULTICELLULAR=SOME DEVELOP MULTICELLULAR LIFE STAGES (TOXOPLASMA CAUSE TISSUE CYSTS IN THE BRAIN, MALARIA CAUSES SCHIZONTS IN THE LIVER)
-MULTICELLULAR ORGANISMS= HOOKWORM, TAPEWORM
WHAT DOES THE IMMUNE RESPONSE NEED TO DEAL WITH
-VIRUSES= VIRAL PRODUCTS, VIRIONS IN THE CIRCULATION, VIRUS INFECTED CELLS
-BACTERIA=BACTERIA CELLS, PREVENT THE SPREAD OF THE BACTERIA WITHIN THE BODY
-FUNGI=SPORES, MYCELLUM MADE UP OF HYPHAE-MULTICELLULAR, FUNGI IS NORMALLY EXTRACELLULAR
-PARASITES=DIFFERENT SIZES, DIFFERENT LIFE CYCLES
WHAT IS BACTERIA RECOGNISED, INGESTED AND KILLED BY
PHAGOCYTES
WHAT IS THE COMPLIMENT SYSTEM
PART OF INNATE IMMUNE SYSTEM BUT CAN BE BROUGHT INTO ACTION BY ANTIBODIES OF THE ADAPTIVE IMMUNE RESPONSE
-KILLS MICROBES WITHOUT PHAGOCYTES
-ATTACKS THE MEMBRANE OF THE HOST CELL BY CREATING CHANNELS IN THE PLASMA MEMBRANE
-CELLS WITH MICROBE INSIDE WILL BURST
WHAT ARE COMPLEMENT TAGGED PATHOGENS INGESTED BY
PHAGOCYTES
WHAT DO PATHOGENS PRODUCE
PROTEINS THAT INHIBIT COMPLEMENT ACTIVATION
WHAT DO CYTOKINES SIGNAL
-LOTS OF DIFF TYPES OF SMALL PROTEINS PRODUCED BY A VARIETY OF CELLS
-ACT ON CELLS WHICH HAVE A RECEPTOR FOR THAT SPECIFIC CYTOKINE
-PRODUCED BY MOST IMMUNE CELLS CONTROLLING GROWTH AND ACTIVITY
-SAME CYTOKINE CAN ACT ON MORE THAN ONE CELL TYPE/ PRODUCED BY MORE THAN ONE CELL
WHAT IS INTERFERONS SIGNALLING
-SIGNALLING PROTEINS SECRETED BY (MAINLY) HOST CELLS THAT INHIBIT VIRAL REPLICATION INSIDE HOST CELLS
-NOT VIRUS TYPE SPECIFIC
WHAT ARE THE THREE TYPES OF INTERFERONS
-ALPHA
BETA
GAMMA
WHAT DO IGM AND IGG DO
IGM=PENTAMER
IGG=MONOMER
-MOST ADUNDANT IMMUNOGLOBULINS IN MAMMALS, PROVIDE BULK OF SPECIFIC IIMMUNITY AGAINST VIRUSES IN EXTRACELLULAR FLUID
WHAT DOES IGE DO
IGE=MONOMER
PARTICIPATE IN DEFENCES AGAINST MULTICELLULAR PARASITES AND ALLERGIC RESPONSES
WHAT DOES IGA DO
IGA=DIMER
SECRETED BY PLASMA CELLS IN GUT, RESPIRATORY AND GENITOURINARY TRACT LININGS, ACTS LOCALLY, MAJOR ANTIBODY IN MILK
WHAT DOES IGD DO
IGD=MONOMER
UNCLEARV FUNCTION BUT MAY HAVE A ROLE IN REGULATING B CELL FUNCTION AND ACTIVATION
WHAT IS DEADLY
BOTULINUM TOXIN
WHAT IS THE CONCEPT OF VACCINES
INTRODUCE HARMLESS OR WEAKENED FORMS OF PATHOGENS TO STIMULATE A PROTECTIVE IMMUNITY
WHAT IS THE RESULTS OF VACCINES
ANTIBODY RAISED, IMMUNE- MEMORY CREATED
WHAT IS HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS
-CAUSES CERVICAL CANCER
WHAT ARE THE RESULTS OF ANTIBODY THERAPY
NEUTRALISATION OF PATHOGEN
WHAT IS CYTOKINE THERAPY
-SMALL PROTEINS RELEASED BY CELLS DURING AN IMMUNE RESPONSE
-CENTRAL ROLE IN IMMUNE RESPONSE
-CYTOKINES THERAPIES INCLUDE: INTERFERONS, INTERLEUKINS, COLONY-STIMULATING FACTORS
