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Physiology > Blood > Flashcards

Blood Flashcards

1
Q

Normal count of RBC in males

A

4.5-5.5 million/mm3

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2
Q

Normal count of RBC in females

A

4.0-5.5 million per mm3

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3
Q

Structure of erythrocyte

A

Biconcave flat 

disc shaped cells

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4
Q

How hemoglobin molecule can transport four oxygen molecules

A

There are four iron containing non-protein groups
1 bound to one polypeptide
each iron atom can combine with one molecule of oxygen
so each hemoglobin molecule can transport four oxygen molecules

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5
Q

What does globin consists of

A

For highly folded polypeptide chains

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6
Q

Normal Hb count in male and female

A

14-18g per 100ml

12-16g/100 lm

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7
Q

How much oxygen does 1 g of hemoglobin have

A

1.34ml

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8
Q

Types of Hb

A

Normal and fetal

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9
Q

Functions of hemoglobin

A

Transports carbon dioxide
transport oxygen
role as a buffer
binds to nitric oxide

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10
Q

Mature RBC hs no

A

Nucleus
Mitochondria
ribosomes

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11
Q

What is erythropoiesis

A

Process of formation of new red blood cell

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12
Q

Stages of erythropoiesis

A

TPSC—pro erythro-early normo-inter normo-late normo-reticulocyte—mature RBC

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13
Q

Maturation of erythrocytes invlive

A

Decrease in size
Condense and pyknosis of nucleus
Accumulation of Hb
Cytoplasm from baso to easino

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14
Q

Stain in which reticulum is seen

A

Cresyl blue

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15
Q

Factors involved in regulation of a erythropoeisis

A

Dietary factors
hypoxia
endocrine factors

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16
Q

What is It’s called when decrease oxygen intention of tissue level

A

Hypoxia

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17
Q

What does hypoxia stimulate

A

Bone marrow

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18
Q

Name some endocrine factors

A 
Cortisol 
thyroxine
 growth hormone 
Estrogen
Androgen
Erythropoetin
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19
Q

From which to organs are a erythropoetin released

A

Kidney and liver

20
Q

From which place of the kidney is erythropoetin hormone released

A

From the interstitial cells of peritubular capillary

21
Q

Function of erythropoietin

A

Increase the number of erythropoeitin committed stem cell in the bone marrow which are converted to RBC precursor and then to mature RBC

22
Q

Name some dietary factors

A

Iron vitamin B12 folic acid

23
Q

Which system destroys RBC

A

Reticulo endothelial system

24
Q

What are mobile units of body’s immune defense system

A

Leukocytes

25
Q

What does a cleanup crew do

A

Removes worn out cells and tissues debris

26
Q

Ratio of WBC and RBC

A

1:700

27
Q

WBC count in male

A

4000-11000

Average-9000

28
Q

Color of granules in polymorphonuclear agranulocytes

A

N-pink or violet
E-red
B-dark blue

29
Q

Function of neutrophil

A

Phagocytosis

30
Q

Size of small lymphocyte

A

8 to 10 µ

31
Q

Position of nucleus in small lymphocyte and large lymphocyte

A

Large centrally placed

small eccentrically placed

32
Q

Size of monocyte

A

16 to 21 micro

33
Q

Cytoplasm is muddy grey in

A

Monocyte

34
Q

Nucleus shape of monocyte

A

Kidney shape or horseshoe shape

35
Q

Normal count of platelets

A

Three lack per millimeter cube

36
Q

Platelets are shell fragments shed from

A

Megakaryocytes

37
Q

Functions of platelets

A 
Role in homeostasis
 blood coagulation 
role in clot retraction
 release serotonin 
repair of capillary endothelium 
role in wound healing
 phagocytosis
38
Q

Spontaneous arrest of bleeding is called

A

Hemostasis 

39
Q

What is most powerful hemostatic mechanism

A

Clotting

40
Q

What is hemophilia

A

Excessive bleeding

41
Q

Which factor in the cost of hemophilia

A

Factive eight

42
Q

Hemoglobin starts to appear in which stage of erythropoiesis

A

Intermediate normoblast

43
Q

Name endocrine factors

A 
Erythropoietin 
androgen 
estrogen
 thyroxine
 cortisol 
growth hormone
44
Q

Maturation of RBC takes place in

A

Seven days

45
Q

Which leukocyte secrete histamine

A

Basophil

46
Q

Function of lymphocyte

A

Adaptive or acquired immune

47
Q

Name a thrombolytic medication

A

Streptokinase

Physiology (10 decks)

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