Blood

Question 1

Cardiovascular system is made up of what?

Answer 1

Blood
Blood vessels
Heart

Question 2

2 components of blood

Answer 2

Plasma
Formed elements

Question 3

Whole blood

Answer 3

Both plasma and formed elements

Question 4

Normal pH in blood

Answer 4

7.35-7.45
slightly basic

Question 5

Hypovolemic

Answer 5

Low blood volumes

Question 6

Normobolemic

Answer 6

Normal blood volumes
4-6L for males
4-5L for females
about a gallon of blood in the body

Question 7

Plasma

Answer 7

Makes up 55% of whole blood volume (largest portion of whole blood)
Consists of - 92% water
- 7% proteins
- 1% other solutes

Question 8

Formed elements

Answer 8

45% of whole blood
Consists of: - <0.1% platelets
- <0.1% Leukocytes
- 99.9% Erythrocytes

Question 9

Leukocytes

Answer 9

White blood cells

Question 10

Erythrocytes

Answer 10

Red blood cells

Question 11

Buffy coat

Answer 11

The layer of white blood cells when whole blood is separated

Question 12

Interstitial fluid

Answer 12

The fluid outside the capillaries
Does not have proteins
Able to move the O2 and CO2 from the cells to the blood

Question 13

Plasma proteins

Answer 13

Albumin
Globulins
Fibrinogen

Question 14

Albumin

Answer 14

60% of plasma proteins
Contributes to osmotic pressure, transports fatty acids and steroids

Question 15

Globulins

Answer 15

35% of plasma proteins
Act as immunoglobulins (antibodies)
Act as transport proteins

Question 16

Fibrinogen

Answer 16

4% of plasma proteins
Involved in blood clotting, largest of the proteins

Question 17

Biconcave disc

Answer 17

The shape of a red blood cell
This shape has more surface area

Question 18

Structure of RBC

Answer 18

Biconcave disc
Thin central region
About 7.7 microns in diameter, capillaries are about 8 microns wide
Lack cell organells
Lack nucleus, cant live very long

Question 19

Rouleau

Answer 19

Stack of RBC or WBC that look like a stack of coins
Does not prevent the cells function
Does not block capillaries

Question 20

RBC life span

Answer 20

Only live for about 120 = 4 months
No nucleus to allow for more flexibility and more room for hemoglobin
No mitochondria because that uses O2 which would make RBC less efficient

Question 21

Hemoglobin

Answer 21

Hemoglobin has 4 polypeptide subunits
Each subunit contains a Heme
Heme is a porphyrin ring
In the center of the Heme is iron
O2 connects to the iron
CO2 connects to Polypeptide

Question 22

Hematocrite

Answer 22

The percentage of whole blood occupied by formed elements
Really only looks at RBC since WBC is less than 0.1%

Question 23

Agglutinogen

Answer 23

The marker on red blood cells to detirmine what blood type you have

Question 24

Agglutinin

Answer 24

Aka antibodies
The maker in the plasma to fight against blood that isn’t yours or your blood type
Causes the bad blood to clump like a clot

Question 25

Leukocytes: 2 classes

Answer 25

Granulocytes Agranulocytes

Question 26

Hemocytometer

Answer 26

Total WBC count

Question 27

Leukopenia

Answer 27

Low WBC count

Question 28

Leukocytosis

Answer 28

Elevated WBC count

Question 29

Differential count

Answer 29

Performed to determine which of the specific leukocytes is in excess or deficent

Question 30

Diapedesis

Answer 30

Leukocytes can leave the blood stream through the pores to get to an infection in the body

Question 31

Chemotaxis

Answer 31

Draws leukocytes toward the invading agent

Question 32

Megakaryocytes

Answer 32

Platelets come from this cell

Question 33

Thrombocytopenia

Answer 33

Lower than normal number of platelets

Question 34

Thrombocytosis

Answer 34

Higher than normal number of platelets

Question 35

Hemopoiesis

Answer 35

Blood formation

Question 36

Hemostasis

Answer 36

Stoppage of bleeding - Vascular spasm, shrinks hole in the vessel - Platelets arrive at site of injury and stick to explosed collagen fibers to form plug - Coagulation phase, inavtive proteins activate to help form the blood clot