Heart & vessels

Question 1

Pulmonary circuit

Answer 1

Pumping blood from the heart to the lungs and back to the heart

Question 2

Systemic circuit

Answer 2

Pumping blood from the heart to the rest of the body and back to the heart

Question 3

Visceral pericardium

Answer 3

aka epicardium
Is the layer against the heart muscle
Considered outer most layer of the heart

Question 4

Parietal pericardium

Answer 4

Is the layer outside the Visceral pericardium and touching the surrounding organs

Question 5

Pericardial sac

Answer 5

Made by the Visceral and Parietal pericardium
Filled with pericardial fluid

Question 6

Epicardium

Answer 6

External layer of the wall of the heart
AKA Visceral pericardium

Question 7

Myocardium

Answer 7

Middle layer of the wall of the heart
Cardiac muscle cells = cardiocytes

Question 8

Endocardium

Answer 8

Internal layer of the wall of the heart
This tissue is in contact with the blood

Question 9

Autorhythmicity

Answer 9

Does not need the CNS to stimulate the heart muscle to contract
Is able to generate its own rhythm

Question 10

Auricles

Answer 10

Flap like structures that expand so that blood can fill the atria

Question 11

Cardiocytes

Answer 11

Found in Myocardium layer
Extensive circulatory supply
Able to contract without info from CNS
connected by intercalated discs

Question 12

Functional syncytium

Answer 12

The cardiocytes all contract at the same time as one unit

Question 13

Right atrium

Answer 13

Receives deoxygenated blood from superior & inferior vena cava, coronary sinus
Contains fossa ovalis

Question 14

Right ventricle

Answer 14

Receives deoxygenated blood from R atrium through the tricuspid valve
Valve is connected to papillary muscles via chordae tendineae
Sends blood out the pulmonary valve thru the pulmonary circuit

Question 15

Left atrium

Answer 15

Receives oxygenated blood from lungs via L & R pulmonary veins
Blood is pushed through mitral valve

Question 16

Left ventricle

Answer 16

has thickest walls
Revises blood from left atrium thru mitral valve
on contraction blood is pushed thru aortic valve into systemic circuit

Question 17

Main Coronary blood vessels

Answer 17

Right coronary artery (RCA)
Left coronary artery (LCA)
Cardiac veins

Question 18

Left coronary artery splits into:

Answer 18

Splits into:
Circumflex - goes around left atrium
Anterior interventricular - goes down interventricular sulcus

Question 19

Main cardiac veins

Answer 19

Great cardiac vein - is just before coronary sinus
Coronary sinus - drains into right atrium

Question 20

Cardiac cycle

Answer 20

AKA heart rate
Is the alternate periods of contraction and relaxation of the heart
Diastole - relaxation
Systole - Contraction

Question 21

Internal conduction system of the heart

Answer 21

SA node
AV node
Bundle of his
Purkinje fibers

Question 22

SA node

Answer 22

Cardiac pacemaker
Located in wall of right atrium
Determines rate of heart contractions
Impulse travels to AV node

Question 23

AV node

Answer 23

Sits on floor of right atrium
Impulse travels from AV node to bundle of his along purkinje fibers to ventricular myocardium

Question 24

P wave

Answer 24

SA node is stimulated which causes the P wave and the atria to contract

Question 25

QRS complex

Answer 25

Contraction of the ventricles forms QRS complex

Question 26

T wave

Answer 26

The ventricles recovering from the contraction

Question 27

Disorders of blood vessels

Answer 27

Hypertension Atherosclerosis (plaque/thrombus-not moving, embolus-moves) Stroke Heart attack Aneurysm (ballooning/bursting blood vessel)

Question 28

Tunica intima

Answer 28

Innermost layer of blood vessels Is in contact with the blood On veins this layer is smooth On arteries this layer is a bit thicker and wavy

Question 29

Tunica media

Answer 29

Middle layer of blood vessels Is thicker on arteries vs veins This layer causes vasoconstriction and vasodilation Cannot shut off blood flow completely

Question 30

Tunica externa

Answer 30

Outermost layer of blood vessels Has connective tissue to anchor the vessel in place

Question 31

Vasa vasorum

Answer 31

The blood supply to the blood vessels themselves

Question 32

Arteries

Answer 32

Carry blood away from the heart Vessel walls are thicker Vessels retain shape when cut

Question 33

Veins

Answer 33

Return blood to the heart Vessel walls are thinner Vessels collapse when cut

Question 34

Lumen of vein & artery

Answer 34

The walls of the vessels Tunica intima Tunica media Tunica externa

Question 35

Capillaries

Answer 35

Smallest portion of the vessels Walls thin enough to permit exchange of gases between blood and cells

Question 36

Fenestrated capillaries

Answer 36

Are capillaries that contain window/openings/pores that make for easier gas exchange

Question 37

Capillary beds

Answer 37

Where the arterioles and venules connect where defusion happens

Question 38

Precapillary sphincters

Answer 38

Regulate blood flow through capillaries They are able to shut down blood flow to some/most of the capillary beds but not all

Question 39

Matarteriole & Thoroughfare

Answer 39

Channel in capillaries that must stay open so blood can stay in constant motion

Question 40

Venous valves

Answer 40

Valves only in the lower legs to ensure one way blood flow They also help the blood go against gravity

Question 41

Varicose veins

Answer 41

squiggly line veins just under the skin

Question 42

Blood volume

Answer 42

About 5 liters of blood in the body Arteries and capillaries contain 30-35% of the volume Veins contain 65-70% of the volume

Question 43

All the arteries

Answer 43

Elastic artery Muscular artery Arteriole Capillary

Question 44

All the veins

Answer 44

Capillary Venule Medium-sized vein Large vein