Blood

Question 1

What is Plasma?

Answer 1

Fluid portion of blood. Made up of 90% water, and 10% dissolved constitutes such as protein, vitamins, minerals, hormones, antibodies, wastes, etc.

Question 2

What is serum?

Answer 2

Serum is essentially plasma without the fibrinogen. If we spin down a clotting tube and collect the liquid portion, it contains no longer contains fibrinogen and is now serum.

Question 3

How many different types of white blood cells are there? What are they called?

Answer 3

Neutrophils
Eosinophils
Lymphocytes
Monocytes
Basophils

Question 4

What is the purpose of a differential?

Answer 4

Tells us how many of each WBC is present in sample.

Question 5

What is included in a CBC?

Answer 5

RBC count
Hematocrit RBC Volume (HCT)
Hemoglobin Concentration (Hgb)
WBC Count

Question 6

What must you check your purple or green tube for before processing sample?

Answer 6

Clots. Can affect results, or potentially damage analyzer.

Question 7

What artifacts can a difficult venipuncture cause?

Answer 7

Platelet clumping
Hemolysis (Shredding of RBC’s)

Question 8

What artifacts can low sample volume cause?

Answer 8

shrinkage of RBC’s
Sample clotting

Question 9

What artifacts can rough handling cause?

Answer 9

Shredding of RBC’s
Platelet clumping

Question 10

How long can samples be refrigerated for?

Answer 10

7 days at 4 degrees Celsius

Question 11

What artifacts can be caused by a sample that is too old?

Answer 11

Change in cell shape and size
Crystallization
Platelet clumping
Change in cell shape to resemble infection (Dohle Bodies)

Question 12

What is caused by stain artifacts?

Answer 12

Globs left of slides
Precipitation or water drops

Question 13

What is the purpose of a blood smear?

Answer 13

Hematology
Evaluation for parasites

Question 14

What are the 3 regions of a blood smear?

Answer 14

Body, counting area, feathered edge

Question 15

What area of a blood smear do you count cells in?

Answer 15

Counting area - Located between Body and feathered edge

Question 16

What are the 4 parts of blood?

Answer 16

RBC’S
WBC’S
Platlets
Plasma

Question 17

Red blood cells are also know as

Answer 17

Erythrocytes

Question 18

What is the purpose of RBC’s?

Answer 18

Transport O2 and CO2

Question 19

What does PCV tell us?

Answer 19

Gives us an idea of how much haemoglobin is in the body?

Question 20

What is Hemaglobin?

Answer 20

It is a protein that carries Oxygen.

Question 21

What colour are RBC’s when stained?

Answer 21

Salmon pink

Question 22

What are the measurements for RBC counts?

Answer 22

RBC X 10^12/ L or RBC X 10^6 / microliters

Question 23

How do you calculate an estimated value for Hemoglobin?

Answer 23

PCV divided by 3

Question 24

What are the 3 RBC indices?

Answer 24

MCV, MCH, MCHC

Question 25

What is MCV?

Answer 25

Mean Corpuscular Volume indicator of cell size

Question 26

What is MCH?

Answer 26

Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin average amount of hemoglobin in each RBC

Question 27

What is MCHC?

Answer 27

Mean Corpuscular Hemaglobin Concentration Average amount of Hemoglobin in a specific volume of blood

Question 28

White blood cells are also known as

Answer 28

Leukocytes

Question 29

What is the main purpose of WBC's?

Answer 29

They are immune cells. They fight infection.

Question 30

What colour are WBC's when stained?

Answer 30

Purple

Question 31

How many WBC's do you need to identify when doing a differential?

Answer 31

100

Question 32

How many WBC's do you need to identify in a differential if the pt's WBC count is high?

Answer 32

200

Question 33

How is the number of each WBC determined?

Answer 33

By multiplying the percentage of each type of cell by the total number

Question 34

What colour is plasma?

Answer 34

Yellow

Question 35

What does plasma provide to the body?

Answer 35

Transports dissolved electrolytes, nutrients, hormones, vitamins, antibodies and hormones. Also conducts heat.

Question 36

What does PCV stand for?

Answer 36

Packed cell volume

Question 37

Why does plasma contain so much protein ?

Answer 37

Because vitamins, minerals, electrolytes and nutrients all contribute protein. They are all broken down within plasma

Question 38

Once a microhematocrit tube has been spun down? What should be done before the tube is broken for TP?

Answer 38

Gross examination of colour and clarity.

Question 39

What does it mean if the plasma is yellow once spun down?

Answer 39

The sample is Icteric

Question 40

What does it mean if the plasma is pink?

Answer 40

It means that the RBC's in the sample are shredding. Which could be due to collection or possibly anemia.

Question 41

Total protein can also be referred to as

Answer 41

Plasma protein concentration

Question 42

Platelets are also know as

Answer 42

Thrombocytes

Question 43

What is the purpose of platelets?

Answer 43

To net together when needed to form a clot and reduce blood loss

Question 44

What do platelets develop when activated?

Answer 44

They develop spinous projects to help them stick together

Question 45

What tubes would you use for testing on platelets?

Answer 45

Blue Tube - Sodium Citrate Grey Tube - Potassium Oxolate