Blood Flashcards
Immune Cells
Nonspecific (Innate) immunity
Specific (Adaptive) immunity
* Antigen
Nonspecific (Innate) immunity (ALL ANIMALS)
the body’s first line of defense against germs entering the body.
indiscriminate defenses to a
particular foreign entity. Rapid response Recognizes traits shared by broad ranges of pathogens.
Barrier defense: skin, mucous membranes, secretions
Internal Defenses: natural killer cells, phagocytic cells, antimicrobial proteins, inflammatory response
Specific (Adaptive) immunity (VERTEBRATES ONLY animals with spines)
specific antigen defense against a foreign entity. Slower response, recognizes traits to particular pathogens using receptors.
Humoral response: antibodies defend against infection in body fluids
Cell mediated response: cytotoxic cells defend against infection in body cells.
Antigen
Antigens are markers that tell your body that something is foreign. Your immune cells make antibodies to recognize and destroy harmful antigens.
any molecule that stimulates the immune system (aka a molecule
that your body will consider foreign).
Nonspecific Defenses and Innate Immunity line of defense:
First line of defense
1. Barriers to entry (skin)
2. Inflammatory response (redness of skin)
3. Complement system
4. Natural killer cells
Specific Diseases and Adaptive Immunity
- Respond to antigens
(Antigen can be part of a pathogen, foreign cell, or cancer cell)
We have become immune when our body has learned to _____ a
particular antigen
destroy
Our immune system does not respond to molecules or antigens on the
surface of our own cells. (like the skin)
These antigens distinguishes “___ ” from “____.”
“self ” from “nonself.”
Lymphocytes have ____ ______ _____ (proteins that are
shaped specifically) for antigens. * We have lymphocytes for any possible type of antigen.
plasma membrane receptors
Immunity usually lasts for some time because of ___ cells and ___ cells
Due to B lymphocytes (B cells) and T lymphocytes (T cells)
B cells mature in ____ _____
bone marrow.
* Give rise to plasma cells that produce antibodies
* Produce antibodies (meaning these cells will
produce antibodies that will target foreign proteins
for degradation)
T cells mature in ____ _____
thymus gland.
* Do not produce antibodies
* Some regulate immune response
* directly kill cells bearing antigens
* Kill antigen-bearing cells outright (aka if they
recognize a foreign protein/molecule, they will kill
that cell bearing that foreign protein/molecule, but
they have to be told what the antigen is;)
Monocyte
a type of white blood cell (leukocytes) that reside in your blood and tissues to find and destroy germs (viruses, bacteria, fungi and protozoa) and eliminate infected cells. Monocytes call on other white blood cells to help treat injury and prevent infection
Monocytes can become macrophages (immune cells for innate immunity) which phagocytose pathogens and cell debris!
Play a role in inflammatory and anti-inflammatory processes during immune response.
Lymphocyte
a type of white blood cell that is part of the immune system
Lymphocytes can become B and T cells, which are immune cells that are
part of your adaptive immunity
Neutrophil
Neutrophil are the most abundant white blood cell. They hunt pathogens and
phagocytose them. One of the first to respond to site of infection. Boost response
of other immune cells.
