Musculoskeletal System

Question 1

Motor system

Answer 1

muscles and bones

Question 2

Functions of muscles and bones may ____

Answer 2

overlap

Question 3

muscles and bones ____ the body and make movement of body parts possible.

Answer 3

support

Question 4

Both ___ internal organs.

Answer 4

protect

Question 5

Both ____ the functioning of other
systems (think immune system and
blood)

Answer 5

aid

Question 6

Compact bone - contains many ___

Answer 6

osteons (Haversian systems) lie in chambers around a osteocytes (type of bone cell) central canal

Question 7

Cells are in a matrix containing ____
and ____ salts

Answer 7

calcium, phosphorus

Question 8

Osteoblasts

Answer 8

deposit bone, store calcium

Question 9

Osteoclasts

Answer 9

digest bone, release calcium

Question 10

Spongy bone - Numerous ___ and ____
separated by irregular spaces

Answer 10

bars, plates

Question 11

Spaces often filled with ___ bone marrow — tissue producing red blood cells

Answer 11

red bone marrow

Question 12

Long Bone Cavity - Cavity of bone filled with
____ bone marrow

Answer 12

yellow bone marrow

Question 13

Long Bone Cavity - stores ___

Answer 13

fat

Question 14

Axial skeleton (central core) contains 3 things:

Answer 14

• Skull—cranium and facial bones
• Vertebral column
• Rib cage—ribs and sternum

Question 15

Appendicular skeleton (periphery) contains 2 things:

Answer 15

• Pectoral (shoulder) girdle—clavicle,
  scapula, humerus, radius, ulna, hand
• Pelvic (hip) girdle—coxal bones (pelvis),
  femur, tibia, fibula, foot

Question 16

6 Functions of the Skeletal System:

Answer 16

1. Support for soft tissues
2. Protection from injury to internal organs
3. Body movement – leverage
   * Attachment sites for muscles (tendons)
   * Bone connections (ligaments)
4. Mineral HOMEOSTASIS
5. Blood cell production (red bone marrow)
   * HEMOPOIESIS
6. Energy storage (yellow bone storage)

Question 17

Skeletal muscles move bones at _____.

Answer 17

joints

Question 18

Muscles only shorten when they ____.
* Must be arranged in antagonistic pairs

Answer 18

contract

Question 19

In Antagonistic pairs, each member of pair of muscles pulls on a bone in _____ direction.

Answer 19

opposite

Question 20

Often, there are antagonistic pairs of muscles pulling a bone in a
direction ____ a joint

Answer 20

over

Question 21

Immovable (synarthrosis)—

Answer 21

joints of cranium

Question 22

Slightly moveable (amphiarthrosis)—

Answer 22

joints
between vertebrae

Question 23

Freely moveable (diarthrosis)—

Answer 23

synovial joint

Question 24

Freely moveable (diarthrosis)— Antagonistic pairs of muscles will move bones in _____ directions around these joints

Answer 24

OPPOSITE

Question 25

Flexion -

Answer 25

inward movement (towards body)

Question 26

Extension -

Answer 26

outward movement (away body)

Question 27

Abduction -

Answer 27

outward sideways movement

Question 28

Adduction -

Answer 28

inward sideways movement

Question 29

Rotation -

Answer 29

moving a body part around its own axis

Question 30

Inversion -

Answer 30

turning foot towards the body

Question 31

Eversion -

Answer 31

turning foot away from the body

Question 32

Compact bone, is ___ looking and _____

Answer 32

smooth looking and homogenous.

Question 33

Spongy bones, which consists of small ___ ____ and ____

Answer 33

Trabeculae, bars of bones, and space.

Question 34

(compact ) Long bones -

Answer 34

such as the femur, which are longer than wide, have a shaft and heads at the end. These bones are mostly compact bone.

Question 35

(more spongy then compact) Short bones,

Answer 35

such as the tarsals, which are cube shaped, contain more spongy bone than compact bone

Question 36

(skull bones) Flat bones

Answer 36

consist of two layers of thin compact bone with spongy bone in between. Many of these bones are curved.

Question 37

Irregular bones, such as the vertebrae,

Answer 37

which are unusually shaped.

Question 38

Sesamoid bones which are found inside of

Answer 38

tendons, ex. the patella.

Question 39

Wormian/ Sutural bones which are small bones found

Answer 39

between the cranial bones.

Question 40

* The Shaft or Diaphysis is found on the ____ axis, consisting mostly of ____ bone.

Answer 40

long, compact

Question 41

The Epiphysis is found at the end of ___ bones, and consists of mostly ___ bone and a superficial thin layer of ____ bone.

Answer 41

long, spongy bone, compact bone

Question 42

The Articular cartilage is made of hyaline cartilage and covers the epiphyseal surface of the ___ bone instead of periosteum. It is a ___ surface that prevents friction at the joints.

Answer 42

long, smooth

Question 43

The Epiphyseal plate is an area of hyaline cartilage that allows for ____ in growing animals.

Answer 43

growth

Question 44

The Epiphyseal line is a remnant of plate of bone ___.

Answer 44

growth

Question 45

The Periosteum is a ___ membrane covering that surrounds the ____ of the bone.

Answer 45

fibrous, outside

Question 46

Sharpey’s fibers from the periosteum -

Answer 46

plunge into the bone allowing blood vessels and nerves to enter the bone.

Question 47

Osteoblasts are

Answer 47

bone forming cells and are found in the periosteum.

Question 48

Osteoclasts are

Answer 48

bone destroying cells and are found in the Endosteum, the inner surface lining of the shaft.

Question 49

The Central Cavity of the shaft is also called the ____ cavity and stores ___. In infants the cavity stores ____marrow, in adults the red marrow is only found in the epiphysis(end of the bone) spaces in the spongy bone

Answer 49

Medullary, stores fat, red

Question 50

The skull has __ cranial bones and they are:

Answer 50

8 2 temporal bones 2 parietal bones 1 occipital bone 1 frontal bone 1 sphenoid bone 1 ethmoid

Question 51

The skull has __ facial bones and they are

Answer 51

14 Mandible maxillae lacrimal palatine zygomatic nasal vomer inferior nasal conchae hyoid

Question 52

The Vertebral Column consists of ___ bones: the ____, and the ___ and the ____.

Answer 52

24, Vertebrae, Sacrum and Coccyx

Question 53

The ___ bones of the neck are called the

Answer 53

7 Cervical vertebrae.

Question 54

The __ bones of the upper back are called the

Answer 54

12, Thoracic vertebrae.

Question 55

The _ bones of the lower back are called the

Answer 55

5, Lumbar vertebrae.