Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

BE > Blood > Flashcards

Blood Flashcards

(53 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

plasma

A

liquid part of blood (90% is water)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Erythocytes

A

red blood cells (RBCs)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Leukocytes

A

white blood cells (WBCs)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Thrombocytes

A

platlets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Plasma

A

-90% water
-liquid medium for carrying materials in blood
-absorb heat produced by the cellular tissue
-expels heat when blood is near the skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

substances dissolved in plasma

A

-inorganic solutes: Na+, Cl-, K+
-organic constituents: plasma proteins, nutrients, dissolved gasses, waste products, hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

function of plasma proteins

A

establish osmotic gradient
help buffer changes in pH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

3 types of plasma proteins

A

-albumins
-globulins
-fibrinogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Albumin

A

-most abundant in plasma
-contribute to the colloid osmotic pressure gradient between blood and interstitial fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Globulins

A

-alpha, beta: bind poorly water soluble substances, involved in blood-clotting process
-alpha: can activate some plasma proteins
-gamma: immunoglobulins (antibodies) essential for body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Fibrinogen

A

key factor in blood clotting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

erythrocytes

A

-lack of nucleus and organelles
-main function is o2 transport in the blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Eryothrocyte enzymes

A

-glycolitic enzymes: energy for cell
-carbonic anhydrase: co2 transport

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Erythropoiesis (RBC production) in the red bone marrow

A

in mature humansred bone marrow areas are in sternum, ribsm pelvis, and the upper end of the limb bones. Stem cells and immaure (RBCs are mixed in cone marrow. when they mature they are released into the capillaries in the bone marrow and circulate throughout the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

role of hemoglobin

A

found in red blood cells
-made of globin and 4 heme groups
-each heme group can bind to one o2 molecule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

heme binds to co2 to

A

transport it from tissues back to the lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

heme binds to H+ to

A

(hemoglobin) minimizes change to pH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

heme binds to CO to

A

blocks O2 binding, suffocation (CO posioning)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

heme binds to NO to

A

relax/dialate local artirioles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

anemia

A

below normal o2 carrying capacity of the blood due to a lower hematocrit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

nutritiona anemia

A

dietary (iron) deficency , not enough iron to synthesize hemoglobin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

aplastic anemia

Study These Flashcards
A

bone marrow fails to produce enough RBCs (possibly due to invasion of bone marrow by cancer cells or following chemotherapy)

23
Q

renal anemia

Study These Flashcards
A

kidney disease can lead to inadequare EPO secretion

24
Q

hemorrhagic anemia

Study These Flashcards
A

loss of blood due to acute bleeding or chronic period

25
diseases that cause anemia
malaria and sickle cell disease
26
Primary Polycythemia
tumorlike condition in the bone marroe -excessive unregulated production in bone marrow -increased blood viscosity causes devreased o2 delivery to tissues and also increases blood pressure
27
Secondary polycythemia
adaptive mechanism when less o2 is avalible in the air (living at higher altitude) -the body adjusts to prolonged O2 reduction by making more RBCs to compensate for the decreased O2 delivery -increased blood viscosiy
28
Surface Antigens
Antigen Antibody
29
Antigen
-large complex molecule on the surface of a cell -acts as a marker for identifying invaders
30
Antibody
binds with the specific antigen (against which is produced by WBCs) -destroys the antigen/invader by various mechanisms
31
what happens if person is given blood of an incompatible type
donor rbcs rupture -> hemoglobin is released -> too much hemoglobin can precipitate in the kidneys -> kidney failure
32
universal donor
type o
33
universal recipeient
type ab
34
Rh (rhesus) blood group system
-Rh is another type of antigen -Rh+ and Rh- (negative doesnt have the antigen)
35
Leukocytes
the white blood cells mobile units of the bodys immune defense system -in the blood for rapid transport, SEEK AND DESTROY
36
Leukocyte production
-varying rates -originates from undifferentiated stem cells in red bone marrow -same ones that produce RBCs and platlets
37
Leukemia
cancerous condition involving uncontrolled proliferation of WBCs -Cells are not fully developed -despite higher wbc they show lower immune response -leads to anemia and internal bleeding
38
Five types of leukocytes
neutrophils eosinohilis basophils monocytes lymphocytes
39
neutrophils
phagocytic specalists, destroy bacteria
40
eosinohilis
attach and secrete substances to kill invading parasites
41
basophils
synthesize histamine and heparin
42
monocytes
phagocytic, but not as many as neutrophils , go to tissues and become macrophages
43
lymphocytes
b lymphocytes create antibodies t lymphocytes release chemicals to destroy target cells
44
Platlets
-cell fragments -shed from megakaryocytes -no nuclei but have organelles -can contract -functional for ~10 days liver stimulates more platlet production
45
Hemostasis
-prevents bleeding/blood loss from a damaged blood vessel
46
clot formation
-blood turns from a liquid to a gel -occurs on top of the platelet plug
47
Thrombin
prothrombin is produced in liver than is converted to thrombin -results in a blood clot on top of the platlet plug
48
Pathways for clotting
-intrinsic pathway precipitates clotting -extrinsic pathway initiates clotting of blood escaped into tissues
49
Clot retraction
-platlets in clot contract and shrink the fibrin mesh -pulling the edges of the damaged vessel closer together
50
Vessel repair
platlets secrete chemicals -> invasion of fibroblasts -fibroblasts sythasize collagen/extracellular matrix -fibroblasts form a scar at the vessel defect
51
Plasmin
an enzyme in blood that degrades fibrin
52
clot dissolution
plasmin showly breaks down the clot by slowly breaking down the fibrin meshwork
53
Preventing inappropriate clot formation
-cells release tissue plasminogen activatory (tPA) that converts plasminogen to plasmin -recombinant tPA can be administered following a heart attack to produce enough plasmin to dissolve the clot

BE (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions