blood

Question 1

what are white blood cells and what are the also named?

Answer 1

leucocytes
- functions- protect the body from infection
- structure
- larger but fewer than red blood cells
- remove dead/ injured cells and pathogens by phagocytosis
- last years if no infections present
- last only few months if infection present

Question 2

what are red blood cells and what are there other name?

Answer 2

erythrocyctes
function- transprt O2 from lung to cells through the body
structure-
-biconcave discs, no nucleus so more room for HB
-when combine with HB turn red
-live for around 120 days

Question 3

where are red blood cells produced and destroyed?

Answer 3

• bone marrow = produced
• liver and spleen= destroyed

Question 4

what is in liquid plasma? what does it do?

Answer 4

• mixture of H20 and dissolved substances
• 91% = water the rest = dissolved substances
  dissolved substances include nutrients, wastes, ions

Question 5

what is the blood composed of?

Answer 5

formed elements = 45% ( RBC= 41% WBC= 4%) and platelets
plasma=55%

Question 6

what are the different types of White blood cells?

Answer 6

granulocyctes- have grains e.g. neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils

agranulocytes- no grains e.g. lymphocytes, monocystes

Question 7

how are nutrients and wastes transported in blood?

Answer 7

• transported and dissolved in the blood plasma
• inorganic molecules transported as ions e.g. sodium, calcium, chloride
• organic nutrients dissolved in plasma are glucose, vitamins, amion acids, glycerol
• orgainc wastes are urea, creatine, uric acid (transported in blood)

Question 8

how is CO2 transported in blood?

Answer 8

-8 % dissolved in plasma
-22% as carboaminohaemoglobin
- 70% bicarbonate discs

-at cells tissues carry out CR, producing CO2 which diffuses into -the blood.
- dissolves in plasma or combines with HB.
- most react with h2o to form carbonic acid that then ionises into hydrogen ions and bicarbonate ions
- at lungs CO2 diffuses into alveoli and exhaled out.

Question 9

how is O2 transported in blood?

Answer 9

97%= oxyhaemoglobin
3% = dissolved in plasma
- O2 combines to HB at lungs due to high conc of 02 in alveoli
- at cells O2 diffuses from the blood in capillaries into cells via tissue fluid
- HBO2 breaks down into O2 and Hb

Question 10

what are wastes?

Answer 10

substances produced by the cells that cannot be used and would be harmful if accumulated

Question 11

what are platelets and what are they also named?

Answer 11

thrombocytes
- when blood vessel injured, they adhere to the lining and form a scaffold for the coagulation of the blood to form a clot

structure- small cell fragments
- formed in red bone marrow

Question 12

Why are red blood cells suited for their function of oxygen transport?

Answer 12

-contain haemoglobin
- have no nucleus= more room for haemoglobin molecules
- shaped like biconcave discs- increasing SA for oxygen exchange
- thicker edges give a larger volume that allow room for haemoglobin