blood groups Flashcards
(18 cards)
what are the 2 different grouping systems?
ABO and RH blood groups
what are the different types of blood in each of the systems?
ABO- A blood group, B blood group, O blood group
RH- rh+ blood group, Rh - blood group
what are the 8 blood types based in ABO
ABO- A+, A-, B+, B-, 0+, 0-, AB+, AB-
what are antigens?
- found on the surface of red blood cells
- sugar and protein
- give cells an identity
- stimulate the immune system
what are the antigens in each of the 2 systems?
ABO- antigen A, antigen B,
Rh- antigen Rh+ ( either have it or you dont, if you have antigen Rh+ = you have it , if not you are Rh-
What are antibodies?
produced by the immune system,
found floating in plasma
made by white blood cells in response to foreign antigen
could be foreign blood or foreign substance
what is coaggulation?
another word for blood clotting
what is aggulation?
when red blood cells clump together in response to a incompatible substance
if a man has blood type O and requires a blood transfusion, explain why he can only receive blood from an O type donor.
what are the different types of blood transfusion?
whole blood, plasma, platelet concentration, RBC concentrate, autologus transfusion
what is whole blood transfusion used for?
severe cases of blood loss
what are the 2 different plasma transfusions?
cryoprecipitate and immunoglobins
describe the plasma transfusion cryoprecipitate
obtained by freezing plasma and thawing it slowly
clotting factors remain solid once frozen
commonly used to treat haemophilia and often used for severe bleeding.
describe the plasma transfusion immunoglobin
-group of proteins that act as antibodies
extracted from the blood and are used for patients who are deficient in antibodies
used to treat people who have no immunity to particular disease
why do people get plasma transfusions?
commonly used for people needing more clotting factors e.g. severe bleeding control
describe platelet concentrate?
given to patients who have abnormal platelets or a reduced number of platelets e.g. haemophilia
describe red blood cells concentrate?
most common
produced by spinning blood high speed in centrifuge.
heavier cells sink to the bottom and plasma on top
used for patients suffering from heart disease.
describe autologous transfusion
when patients own blood is used
blood collected prior to an operation that may require transfusion
often used for elective surgery and collected 4 weeks prior to operation
theses transfusion eliminate the risk of transmission of disease and most possible side effects.
