Blood

Question 0

Erythropoietin encourages?

Answer 0

Differentiation of RBCs

Question 1

Process of Haemopoiesis?

Answer 1

1. Proliferation - stem cell divides with one replying get stem cell (self-renewal) and one that differentiates
2. Differentiation
   1st Into Myeloid blast (RBC, WBC, platelets) or lymphoid blast (immunoresponse cells)
   2nd into certain cell under cytokines influence

Question 2

Thrombopoietin encourages?

Answer 2

Differentiation into platelets

Question 3

What controls erythropoetin?

Answer 3

Partial pressure of oxygen

The low the pO2, the more eryth. Released

Question 4

What are the 5 types of WBCs?

Answer 4

Neutrophil
Eosinophils
Basophils
Monocytes
Lymphocytes

Question 5

Draw and state the function and nucleus of neutrophils.

Answer 5

Multi-lobed

Migrate out of circulation to infection site
Phagocytosis
Increased production of Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor (G-CSF)

Question 6

Draw and state the function and nucleus of eosinophils

Answer 6

Bi-lobed

Phagocytosis
Release cytotoxic particles to damage larger particles

Question 7

Draw and state the function and nucleus of Basophils

Answer 7

Bi or tri-lobed

Mediate acute inflammatory reaction using heparin or histamine

Question 8

Draw and state the function and nucleus of Monocytes?

Answer 8

Kidney-shaped

Migrate to become macrophages in many organs
Phagocytosis and interact with T cells

Question 9

Draw and state the function and nucleus of Lymphocytes B?

Answer 9

Deep staining

Humoral immunity
Stimulated by antigens and transform into plasma cells secreting immunoglobins

Question 10

Draw and state the function and nucleus of Lymphocyte T?

Answer 10

Deep staining

Helper cells by expressing CD4 on surface
Killer cells
Permit transformation of B cells to plasma cells

Question 11

Structure of Erythrocytes?

Answer 11

Bi concave disc
4 Globin chains - 2 alpha and 2 beta
Each molecule carries Haem

Question 12

Function of Erythrocytes?

Answer 12

Carry O2 to tissue and CO2 to lungs

Question 13

Structure of Reticular Cells?

Answer 13

Synthesis reticular fibres and surround the, with cytoplasm

Question 14

Function of Reticular Cells?

Answer 14

Direct T and B Lymphocytes to specific regions with lymphatic tissue

Question 15

Structure of platelets?

Answer 15

Small round blue particles
Produces megakaryocytes in bone marrow
Have complex surface membrane
Cytoplasm contains Alpha and dense granules
Alpha contains fibrinogen and Willebrands Factor
Dense contains ADP and Ca2+

Question 16

Function of platelets?

Answer 16

Clotting cascade

Adhere to damaged cell walls and aggregate together

Question 17

Lifespan of RBCs?

Answer 17

120 days

Question 18

Importance of structure of RBCs?

Answer 18

Bi concave
Flexible to move through micro circulation with minim diameter of 3.5um
4 Globin chains and Haem group allows binding of 1 O2

Question 19

Process of RBC destruction?

Answer 19

RBC
Haemoglobin
Heme
Billirubin
Transport billirubin to liver
Either excrete via kidneys urobillinogen or it enters via bile duct and gall bladder to small intestine where transported to kidneys or excreted as stercobillin