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Science For Medicine > blood > Flashcards

blood Flashcards

1
Q

where is all the blood

how much is there

A

5 litres

3 in the systemic venous circulation
1 in lungs
1 in heart and arterial circulation

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2
Q

what are the functions of blood

A

carries physiological active compounds - enzymes, hormones

clotting - prothrombin + fibrinogen

defence - leukocytes

carriage of gas - O2

thermos regulation - COnstriction when COld

maintenance of ECF pH

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3
Q

what is the composition of blood

A

plasma
erythrocytes
leukocytes
platelets

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4
Q

what is meant by haematocrit

A

the percentage of blood made up Red Bood Cells

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5
Q

what are the normal values of haematocrit for each sex

A

40-54% for males

37-47% for females |(menstruation)

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6
Q

how might the haematocrit change due to conditions

A

living at altitude

increase haematocrit as more haemoglobin to bind the lower conc. of oxygen

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7
Q

what is mean by viscosity

A

the thickness of blood

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8
Q

what is the viscosity of the different parts of blood - in relation to water

A

plasma is 1.8X thicker

whole of blood is 3-4X thicker

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9
Q

how can viscosity change

A

haematocrit increase (50% increase = 100% to viscosity)

temperature = cold is thicker and vice versa

flow rate = slower is thicker as grater cell to cell adhesion

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10
Q

what are platelets

A

membrane bound cell fragments from megakaryocytes

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11
Q

what is the life span of platelets

A

roughly 10 days

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12
Q

what is the job of platelets

A

adhere to damaged endothelium to mediate blood clotting

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13
Q

what is the life span of blood

A

120 days

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14
Q

what are the 3 plasma proteins

A

albumin
globulin
fibrinogen

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15
Q

what does albumin do

A 
most abundant 
drugs 
lipids 
TRANSPORTER
(colloid oncotic pressure)
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16
Q

what does globulin

A

alpha, beta - similar to goblin

gamma - anti bodies

17
Q

what does fibrinogen do

A

key in clotting cascade

18
Q

what is the life span of a white blood cell

A

13 - 20 days

19
Q

what is oncotic pressure

A

water is drawn into the capillary due to the force created by the displacement of water by albumin

water moving down gradient because fat albumin has pushed it out

20
Q

what is capillary hydrostatic pressure

A

the volume of a blood vessel

higher the volume in the enclosed space the higher the pressure

fluid moves to interstitial fluid

21
Q

what are myeloid cells

A

all the cells in the blood that are not lymphocytes ( this includes some WBCs)

22
Q

what are lymphoid cells

A

lymphocytes

23
Q

what is the function of erythrocytes

what is the shape of them

A

red blood cells

highly flexible

bi-concave

densely packed with haemoglobin - Gas transport

24
Q

where is erythropoietin synthesised

A

mostly in the kidney

some of the liver cells (hepatocytes)

25
Q

what increase the secretion of erythropoietin

A

when the amount of oxygen to the kidney falls - hypoxia

(anaemia, haemorrhage)

2-3 day delay

26
Q

what is erythropoietin

what is its function

A

it is a hormone - have basal levels

controls and accelerates erythropoiesis (RBC formation)

stem cell to erythroblasts

27
Q

what are the 5 main types of leukocytes (WBCs)

A 
neutrophils 
basophils 
eosinophils 
monocytes 
lymphocytes
28
Q

what do neutrophils do

A 
most abundant 
very short half life - 10 hrs
phagocytic 
bacterial infection 
trap bacteria in NETS
29
Q

what do basophils do

A

release histamine and heparin

promote inflammation

30
Q

what do eosinophils do

A

attack pathogens that are too big for lymphocytes (PARASITES)

numbers rapidly increase in allergic reactions

31
Q

what do monocytes do

A

largest lymphocyte

72hrs in circulation

migrate to tissue and become (phagocytic) macrophages

32
Q

what do lymphocytes do

A

key component of immune system

T cell
and B cell

VIRAL INFECTION

33
Q

what controls white blood cell formation (leukopoiesis)

A

cocktail of cytokines

colony stimulating factors
interleukins

depending on what makes up the cocktail depends on what WBC is made

Science For Medicine (17 decks)

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