blood Flashcards
(17 cards)
what are the cells in blood? (45%)
RBC=erythrocytes
WBC=leucocytes
platelets=thrombocytes
what are the components of plasma? (55%)
ECF water electrolytes organic molecules -glucose, fatty acids, glycerides, aa etc. plasma proteins
what are the 4 plasma proteins?
albumins (60%) -oncotic pressure -lipid transport globulins (35%) -transport:ions, hormones, lipids -immune functions fibrinogen (4%) -clotting regulatory proteins (1%) -enzymes, hormones
what is blood volume for men & women?
males = 70ml/kg females = 60ml/kg
what is the morphology of RBC?
6-8 microm diameter biconcave disc large SA permit rapid gas transfer bend in narrow capillaries can expand to accommodate fluid in hypotonic solutions older = more fragile
describe RBC turnover
formed in bone marrow lifespan= 120 days old removed from circulation and broken down by MPS system (spleen) breakdown products recycled haemoglobin -protein -aa pool -haem ->iron, biliverin-bilirubin bilirubin conjugated in liver & excreted in bile as pigment
what is erythropoiesis
stages in RBC formation red bone marrow reg by erythropoietin during development: -reduction in cells size & regression of nucleus -folic acid & vit B12 rn -increase in haemoglobin content -iron rn
how is O2 transported?
haemoglobin
how is CO2 transported?
carbonic anhydrase
bicarbonate prod.
carbamino compounds
describe the structure of haemoglobin
globular protein MW=68,000 2 alpha, 2 beta chains 4 haem groups: -porphyrin ring -iron atom Fe reversibly binds O2
what is a neutrophil?
WBC granulocyte acute inflammation phagocytic non-specific defence
what is a basophil?
WBC
granulocyte
circulating mast cell
produces heparin, histamine
what is an eosinophil?
WBC
granulocyte
allergic reactions etc.
what is a monocyte?
WBC
agranulocyte
becomes macrophage
what is a lymphocyte?
WBC
agranulocyte
cell-mediated immunity (T) and humoral immunity (B)
what are platelets?
derived from megakaryocytes cellular fragments 2micom diameter involved in haemostasis release vasoconstrictors form platelet plug source of phospholipid for coagulation 150-400x10^9 litre
what is Rh-incompatibility?
if Rh- person receives Rh+ blood they will develop anti-Rh antibodies
don’t affect person unless Rh- female has 2 Rh+ babies
-haemolytic disease
