Flashcards in blood Deck (17)
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1
what are the cells in blood? (45%)
RBC=erythrocytes
WBC=leucocytes
platelets=thrombocytes
2
what are the components of plasma? (55%)
ECF
water
electrolytes
organic molecules
-glucose, fatty acids, glycerides, aa etc.
plasma proteins
3
what are the 4 plasma proteins?
albumins (60%)
-oncotic pressure
-lipid transport
globulins (35%)
-transport:ions, hormones, lipids
-immune functions
fibrinogen (4%)
-clotting
regulatory proteins (1%)
-enzymes, hormones
4
what is blood volume for men & women?
males = 70ml/kg
females = 60ml/kg
5
what is the morphology of RBC?
6-8 microm diameter
biconcave disc
large SA
permit rapid gas transfer
bend in narrow capillaries
can expand to accommodate fluid in hypotonic solutions
older = more fragile
6
describe RBC turnover
formed in bone marrow
lifespan= 120 days
old removed from circulation and broken down by MPS system (spleen)
breakdown products recycled
haemoglobin
-protein -aa pool
-haem ->iron, biliverin-bilirubin
bilirubin conjugated in liver & excreted in bile as pigment
7
what is erythropoiesis
stages in RBC formation
red bone marrow
reg by erythropoietin
during development:
-reduction in cells size & regression of nucleus
-folic acid & vit B12 rn
-increase in haemoglobin content
-iron rn
8
how is O2 transported?
haemoglobin
9
how is CO2 transported?
carbonic anhydrase
bicarbonate prod.
carbamino compounds
10
describe the structure of haemoglobin
globular protein
MW=68,000
2 alpha, 2 beta chains
4 haem groups:
-porphyrin ring
-iron atom
Fe reversibly binds O2
11
what is a neutrophil?
WBC
granulocyte
acute inflammation
phagocytic
non-specific defence
12
what is a basophil?
WBC
granulocyte
circulating mast cell
produces heparin, histamine
13
what is an eosinophil?
WBC
granulocyte
allergic reactions etc.
14
what is a monocyte?
WBC
agranulocyte
becomes macrophage
15
what is a lymphocyte?
WBC
agranulocyte
cell-mediated immunity (T) and humoral immunity (B)
16
what are platelets?
derived from megakaryocytes
cellular fragments
2micom diameter
involved in haemostasis
release vasoconstrictors
form platelet plug
source of phospholipid for coagulation
150-400x10^9 litre
17
