Blood And Circulatory System Flashcards
(126 cards)
1
Q
What does blood consists of
A
Red blood cells , white blood cells, platelets
2
Q
Scientific name of red blood cells
A
Erythrocytes
3
Q
Scientific name of white blood cells
A
Leucocytes
4
Q
Scientific name of platelets
A
Thrombocytes
5
Q
Liquid part of blood
A
Plasma
6
Q
Colour of plasma
A
Straw colour liquid ( pale yellow)
7
Q
Structure of red blood cells
A
Round / biconcave
8
Q
Characteristics of red blood cells
A
Prokaryotic (don’t have a nucleus) , made in bone marrow , contain haemoglobin( pigment that transports oxygen), blood is red when caring oxygen , they are flexible , don’t have mitochondria, have large surface area where they can exchange oxygen
9
Q
What does red blood cells turn into and where
A
Into bile in the liver
10
Q
What is needed in diet to make haemoglobin
A
Iron
11
Q
What happens when you have less iron
A
Anaemia ( fatigue )
12
Q
Characteristics of white blood cells
A
No set structure , have a nucleus ( eukaryotic) , made in bone marrow
13
Q
Called as cell fragments
A
Platelets
14
Q
Characteristics of platelets
A
Don’t have a nucleus ( prokaryotic) , made in bone marrow
15
Q
Function of platelets
A
Blood clotting = reduces infection
16
Q
What is needed for healthy blood clotting
A
Vitamin K
17
Q
What causes haemophilia
A
The inability to produce blot clots
18
Q
Function of blood
A
Transport , fight infection, blood clotting ,homeostasis
19
Q
What is homeostasis
A
The ability to maintain a constant internal balance
20
Q
4 types of blood
A
A,B AB,O
21
Q
What are the A, AB, B , O blood types
A
These are different antigens that are on your red blood cells
22
Q
A person with AB blood has what antigens
A
Has both A and B
23
Q
What antigens has blood type O
A
Has no antigens
24
Q
universal donor
A
Blood type O can be donated to anyone
25
Universal receiver
Blood type AB can receive blood from anyone
26
What is rheuses factor or factor D
Whether a blood group is + or - depends on the antigen
27
What happens if the antigen is absent
Blood type is negative
28
Negative person can give blood to + person
But a + person can’t give blood to - person
29
Types of circulatory system
2 , open and close
30
What is open circulatory system
Blood leaves the vessel and surrounds the cell
31
What is closed circulatory system
Blood always stays in blood vessels
32
What is closed circulatory system consists of
Arteries, veins,capillaries , heart
33
What is double circulation
blood passes through the heart twice per circuit.
34
Name the 2 circuits which floe into and out of the heart
Pulmonary and systemic circuits
35
Primary function of the heart
Is the to pump the blood
36
Characteristics of artery
Carry blood away from the heart , high in pressure , have small lumen , have thick muscle- elastic fibres , moves in waves has a pulse , no valves , mostly carries oxygenated blood
37
Name the only blood vessel that carries the deoxygenated blood
Pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs
38
Characteristics of vein
Carry blood into the heart, low pressure m large lumen, thin elastic- muscle fibres, Constant flow, no pulse have valves , mostly carry deoxygenated blood
39
Why do veins have valves
To prevent the Backflow of blood
40
Name the only blood vessels that carries oxygenated blood
Pulmonary veins carries oxygenated blood to-the heart
41
What is cappliary
It joins an artery to a vein
42
Characteristics of capillary
1 cell this thick, allow for easy diffusion of gases ,, nutrients and waste into and out of the cell
43
What is hepatic portal vein
Carries absorbed food from the ileum to the liver
44
What is unique about the hepatic portal vein
The only blood vessel that has capillaries at both ends
45
How does the liver gets oxygen
Hepatic artery
46
What is deamination
Converts excess amino acids to urea
47
What is heart made of
Cardiac muscle
48
What is the special thing about the cardiac muscle
It is a involuntary muscle , doesn’t fatigue , never gets tired
49
What controls the heart
Medulla oblongata
50
Function of coronary arteries
Supply cardiac muscle with glucose , oxygen and blood
51
Where is the coronary artery found
At the front of the heart
52
Name the blood vessels that carries carbon dioxide away from the heart muscle
Coronary veins
53
What is serum
Is plasma from which the clotting proteins have been removed.
54
What is the role of red blood cells
To transport oxygen
55
What is the role of plasma
To transport digested food , waste , urea , hormones , heat
56
Name the 2 types of white blood cells
Phagocytes , lymphocytes
57
What do phagocytes do
Kill invading cells by surrounding/ engulfing them
58
What do lymphocytes do
Attack foreign bacteria / viruses by producing specific antibodies that attach to foreign antigens
59
What is leukaemia
Is a cancer of blood - in which white blood cells are produced too rapidly and are immature.
60
What are the two main functions of blood clots
They reduce the loss of blood, they prevent the entry of micro organisms.
61
Thrombosis
If the vessel walls are damaged , a blood clot may form and may block the blood vessel
62
Oxyhaemoglobin
Haemoglobin combines with oxygen to form
63
Colour of haemoglobin
Purple
64
Colour of oxyhemoglobin
Bright red
65
Benefit of closed system
Blood can be pumped around the body faster, allows the flow of blood to different organs to be increased or decreased.
66
Arteries divide into smaller vessels called
Arterioles
67
Smaller veins are called
Venules
68
What is atrium
Upper chamber of the heart
69
What are ventricles
Lower chamber of the heart ( bigger )
70
What are bicuspid valve
Control blood flow between the left atrium and ventricle ( 2 flaps)
71
What are tricuspid valve
Control blood flow between the right atrium and ventricle. (3 flaps )
72
What are semi lunar valves
Prevent backflow of blood from aorta and pulmonary artery into the ventricles.
73
What is pulmonary vein.
Carries blood from the lungs to the left atrium
74
What is aorta
Carries oxygenated blood away from the left ventricle to the cells
75
What is vena cava
Carries deoxygenated blood from the cells into the right atrium
76
What is pulmonary artery
Carries blood from right ventricle to lungs
77
What do septum does
Separates oxygenated and deoxygenated blood prevents it from mixing
78
Where is the SA node found
In the muscular wall of right atrium
79
What does the pacemaker (SA node) do
Sends electrical impulses that controls the contraction and relaxation of cardiac muscle.
80
Name the 2 stages of heartbeat
Systole - contract =blood leaves , diastole - relax = blood enters
81
To remember the two stages tip!!!!!!!!!!!
Senior cup/ deadly rugby
82
Blood flow in lungs
Blood in= pulmonary artery, blood out = pulmonary vein
83
Blood flow in stomach+ small intestine
Blood in = artery , blood out= hepatic portal vein
84
Blood flow in liver
Blood in = hepatic Artery , blood out = hepatic vein
85
Blood flow in kidney
Blood in = renal artery , blood out =renal vein
86
Blood flow in heart
Blood in =pulmonary vein (LHS) ,, vena cava (RHS) , blood out = Aorta (LHS) ,, pulmonary artery (RHS)
87
What controls the co2 level
Medulla oblongata
88
How does medulla oblongata works
Medulla oblongata monitors CO2 level in your blood streams. 1) message send to the SA nodes causes atrial systole 2) SA Node sends message to NA nodes causes ventricular systole
89
What are the 2 beats of the heart
Closing of valves
90
Where is the 1 beat from
Closing of bicuspid and tricuspid valves
91
Where is 2 beats of the from
The closing of semi lunar valves
92
What is a pulse
The expansion n the artery wall as blood flows in pulse from the heart contracting/ relaxing
93
An adult should have a resting pulse of
72bpm
94
What is the recovery time
The time it takes for your pulse to return to resting after exercise
95
What is blood pressure
Pressure generated on blood from the heart beat on the arteries
96
The 2 value which u get for the blood pressure are called
Systolic pressure and diastolic pressure
97
Ideal pressure for a human
120 over 70. 120 = systolic pressure , 70= diastolic pressure
98
Why do we don’t take blood pressure reading from a vein
Carries blood into the heart from the cells
99
What is hypertension
A person with high blood pressure
100
What is hypotension
A person with low blood pressure
101
Factors causing hypertension
Saturated fat diet , smoking, stress , low exercise , high salt diet , low exercise
102
What causes heart diseases
When arteries narrow reducing the flow of blood to the heart
103
What causes heart diseases.
High saturated fat / cholesterol narrow arteries , salt increases blood pressure, smoking increases blood cloths , low exercise increases blood pressure.
104
Artery / arteriolar coming from the heart
Has high pressure
105
Tissue fluid high in waste is called
Lymph
106
What do valves do ?
Control the direction of blood flow
107
The heart is surrounded by
Pericardium
108
How many chambers are there in the heart
4
109
Why does atrium has thin walls
Because they pump blood only a short distance
110
How are valves held in place
By tough cords called tendons
111
Which valves are shaped like half moon
Semi lunar valves
112
Pulmonary circuit is through
Heart = lungs= heart
113
Systemic circuit is through
Heart= body= heart
114
What is a portal system
A portal system is a blood pathway that begins and ends with capillaries.
115
Describe how the students measured resting pulse rate
Counted number of pulses per minute
116
Describe how the students measured resting breathing rate
Counted number of breaths per minute
117
What would happen to the pulse rate or breathing rate after exercise has stopped
Decrease.
118
During exercise body temperature increase. Suggest a reason for that
Respiration increases releasing heat
119
What is active immunity
Antibodies are made by the organism itself
120
Passive immunity
Antibodies are revived that have been made in another organism
121
What is an antigen
A chemical that stimulates the production of antibodies.
122
The wall is the left ventricles is thicker that the wall of the right ventricle.
The left side of the heart pumps blood around the systemic circuit.
123
Explain how the ventricles are contracting
Semilunar values are open
124
Name the circuit to which the right ventricle pumps blood
Pulmonary circuit
125
Name the circuit to which the left ventricle pumps the blood
Systemic circuit.
126
Describe the effect on the circulatory system on smoking
Increase heart rate
