Food Flashcards by Chrissy Fernandes

How many food types are there

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Name the 7 food types

Carbohydrates, proteins,fats ,vitamins,minerals fibre, water

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What is a blanched diet

A blanched diet is a diet that has the correct food in the correct amounts

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What are the function of food or why do living organisms need food

Energy ( carbohydrates > gives energy )
Growth and repair ( proteins > help to growth and repair)
To make chemicals for metabolic reactions ( enzymes )
To prevent deficiency diseases
To aid digestion ( prevent constipation )

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What is a biomolecule

A biomolecule is a molecule that cells need to stay alive

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What does biomolecule consists of

It consists of differ of numbers and types of elements

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Name the different types of elements found in biomolecule

Carbon , hydrogen , oxygen ( are the three main elements)
Nitrogen ( only found in proteins )
Sulphur, phosphorus ( found in tiny amounts )

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carbohydrates always follow the formula

Cx(H2O)y

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The ratio of hydrogen: oxygen is always

2:1

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Formula of glucose

C6H12O6

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Formula for lactose

C12H22O11

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What are trace elements

Are elements that are only needed in tiny quantities

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Examples of trace elements

Copper, zinc , iron

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How many carbohydrates are there

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Name the 3 types of carbohydrates

Monosaccharides, disaccharides, polysaccharides

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What are monosaccharides

Carbohydrates made of 1 sugar

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Example of monosaccharide

Glucose

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What is test for reducing sugar

Benedict’s test

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What colour is Benedict’s test

Blue

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What is Benedict’s test used for

Test for reducing sugar

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What happens if reducing sugar is present in Benedict’s test

It turns brick red/ orange

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What is needed for Benedict’s test

Heat is needed

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What is disaccharides

Carbohydrates made of 2 sugar / monosaccharides

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Example of disaccharides

Lactose

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Glucose + glucose =

Maltose ( reducing sugar unit)

Glucose + galactose=

Lactose ( reducing sugar )

Glucose + fructose =

Sucrose [ table sugar ] (non reducing sugar )

What is polysaccharides

Consists of 3 or more sugar units / monosaccharides

Example of polysaccharides

Starch

Starch helps in

Food storage in plants

Glycogen helps in

Energy storage in animals ( liver / muscle )

Cellulose helps in

Structural polysaccharide in cell wall in plants

Cellulose is a good source of ………..it is very c………..and difficult to b……. down

Fibre, complex, break

What does cellulose prevents

Prevents constipation

What are fats

Fats are composed of carbon , hydrogen and oxygen

Name the 2 main types of fats

Saturated and unsaturated

What is saturated fat

It is a bad fat. Builds up cholesterol = increase risk of heart disease Example : chocolate, pizza

What is unsaturated fats

It is a good fat. Breaks down cholesterol = decrease heart disease Example : Avocado

What are the functions of fat

Supply energy ( slowly) - metabolic Insulation and protection Found in cell membrane - cell structure

What is oil

Oil is a type of fat that is liquid at room temperature

What are fats

Fats are solid at room temperature

Name the test for fats

Brown paper test

What happens if the test is positive

It becomes translucent ( light passes through)

What does triglycerides consists of

3 fatty acids , 1 glycerol

What does fatty acids determines

Fatty acids determines the type of fat

What does phospholipid consists of

1 glycerol, 2 fatty acids, 1 phosphate

Where in a cell structure would you find fat/ lipid

Plasma membrane

What are phospholipids

Are fat like substances in which one of the fatty acids are replaced by a phosphate group or has a phosphate group added to it.

What are proteins composed of

Proteins are composed of hydrogen, carbon, oxygen and nitrogen

What are the sub units of units of proteins called

Amino acids

How many different types of amino acids are there

What is the test for protein called

Biuret test

What is the colour of biuret test

Blue

If protein is present what colour does biuret solution turn

Lilac

What is used to test the proteins

Biuret

Name the 2 sub categories of proteins

Metabolic and structural

Name the metabolic proteins

Enzymes

What is the role of enzymes

Enzymes in digestion

Examples of enzymes

Salivary amylase

Name the structural proteins

Keratin : nails and hair Actin and myosin : muscles Collagen : skin and bones

Name the 2 types of vitamins

Fat soluble , water soluble

Name the fat soluble vitamins

A ,D,E,K

Where is vitamin D found

Found in milk , sun ( UV rays )

What is the function of vitamin D

Absorbs calcium , needed for teeth and bones

What is the deficiency disease from the lack of vitamin D

Rickets or osteoporosis

Name the the water soluble vitamins

Vitamin B and C

Where is vitamin C found

Found in citrus fruits

What is the function of vitamin C

Forms connective tissue ( skin and gums )

What is the deficiency disease from lack of vitamin C

Scurvy

What are the minerals found in human

Calcium , iron

What is the source of iron

Red meat

What is the function of iron

To form haemoglobin ( transport O2 )

Deficiency disease from the lack of iron

Anaemia ( tiredness )

What is the source of calcium

Milk and cheese

What is the the function of calcium in human

Teeth and bones to form collagen

What is the deficiency disease from the lack of calcium in human

Osteoporosis ( brittle bones )

What are the minerals found in plants

Magnesium and calcium

What is the function of magnesium in plants

needed to make chlorophyll ( photosynthesis)

What is the source of magnesium

Salts in the soil

What is the function of calcium in plants

Helps cell walls to attach to each other

What is the source of calcium for plants

Salts in the soil

Name some dissolved salts

Sodium ( Na ) , potassium (K) and calcium (Ca)

What is the function of dissolved salts

Nerve transmission/ blood pressure

What is fibre

Made from structural polysaccharides- cellulose

What are the property of fibre

Difficult to break down , absorbs excess water and toxins , prevents constipation

Water makes up ………….of a c………….(cytoplasm )

80% , cells mass

What are the function of water

Excellent solvent , transport of substances into and out of the cell, chemical reactions in the cell, maintain body temperature, good absorber of heat.

What is metabolism

Sum of all chemical reactions occurring in the cell

What are the 2 types of metabolic reactions

Anabolism and catabolism

What is anabolism

Small molecules are built up to form larger ones. REQUIRES ENERGY

Examples of anabolism in plants

Photosynthesis

Example of anabolism in animal

Protein synthesis

What is catabolism

Large molecules are broken down to form larger ones. RELEASE OF ENERGY

Examples of catabolism in plants

Respiration

Examples of catabolism in animals

Respiration and digestion > which is a process

Metabolism is controlled by………………

Enzymes ( proteins )

Food Flashcards

(96 cards)