blood and epithelia

Question 1

true or false: blood is not a type of c.t.

Answer 1

false

Question 2

what does blood transport?

Answer 2

oxygen, carbon dioxide, hormones, elctrolytes, nutrients, and water

Question 3

describe erythrocytes in mammals

Answer 3

• disc shaped and biconcave
• lack nucleus
• red and carries hemoglobin

Question 4

what is hemoglobin?

Answer 4

iron containing protein essential for transporting oxygen and CO2 to and from tissues

Question 5

true or false: in non-mammalian species, RBCs are nucleated

Answer 5

true

Question 6

what is the shape of RBCs in camels?

Answer 6

oval

Question 7

what do RBCs look like in horses?

Answer 7

rouleaux formation

Question 8

where are RBCs produced?

Answer 8

bone marrow

Question 9

how long do RBCs live?

Answer 9

120 days

Question 10

where is iron recycled?

Answer 10

spleen

Question 11

what do RBCs measure in diameter?

Answer 11

10µm

Question 12

what are immature RBCs called?

Answer 12

reticulocytes

Question 13

what do WBCs play a role in?

Answer 13

inflammation and immunity

Question 14

When blood is centrifuged, WBCs collect on the top of RBCs and form a thin layer called

Answer 14

buffy coat

Question 15

what are the granules in granulocytes?

Answer 15

lysosomes and enzymes

Question 16

what are the three types of granulocytes?

Answer 16

neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils

Question 17

which granulocyte is the most abundant and has a segmented nucelus?

Answer 17

neutrophils

Question 18

which granulocyte increases during allergic reaction or parasitic infections?

Answer 18

eosinophils

Question 19

which granulocyte is larger and has a lobed nucleus?

Answer 19

basophils

Question 20

what are the two types of agranulocytes?

Answer 20

lymphocytes and monocytes

Question 21

which agranulocyte is the most abundant, nucleus makes up the whole cell and increases during chronic inflammation?

Answer 21

lymphocyte

Question 22

which agranulocytes is the largest of the WBCs, has a kidney shaped nucleus, and is the precursor of macrophages that scavenge bacteria, tissue debris etc.?

Answer 22

monocyte

Question 23

what are fragments of megakaryocytes and play an important role in blood clotting?

Answer 23

platelets

Question 24

what is the liquid component of blood?

Answer 24

plasma

Question 25

how can plasma be extracted from blood?

Answer 25

adding anti-coagulant

Question 26

how can serum be extracted?

Answer 26

blood is clotted and centrifuged

Question 27

what is the difference between serum and plasma?

Answer 27

serum lacks clotting factors

Question 28

where is lymph produced?

Answer 28

extracellular space of various tissues

Question 29

true or false: lymph mixes with blood before it returns to the heart

Answer 29

true

Question 30

epithelia lies on top of a basement membrane made of which collagen fibers to form a mesh?

Answer 30

type IV

Question 31

list functions of epithelia

Answer 31

protection, secretion, absorption, sensing, generation of gametes

Question 32

what are the two basic types of epithelia?

Answer 32

simple and stratified

Question 33

true or false: in simple epithelium, all the cells that form the epithelium touch the basement membrane

Answer 33

true

Question 34

describe simple squamous epithelium

Answer 34

single layer of squamous cells on top of the basement membrane

Question 35

what is simple squamous called when found inside blood and lymph vessels?

Answer 35

endothelium

Question 36

what is simple squamous called when found covering body cavities and organs inside body cavities?

Answer 36

mesothelium

Question 37

describe simple cuboidal

Answer 37

single layer of cuboidal cells on top of the basement membrane

Question 38

where is simple cuboidal found?

Answer 38

lining small ducts

Question 39

describe simple columnar

Answer 39

single layer of columnar cells on top of the basement membrane

Question 40

where is simple columnar found?

Answer 40

lining stomach, intestines, gall bladder

Question 41

describe pseudostratified epithelium

Answer 41

cells of different shapes and height and their nuclei do not appear in a row, cells look stratified, cilia on top

Question 42

where is pseudostratified epithelium found?

Answer 42

respiratory and reproductive tracts

Question 43

where is transitional epithelium found?

Answer 43

urinary tract

Question 44

what is the purpose of transitional epithelium?

Answer 44

prevents urine reabsorption, capable of stretching

Question 45

what is the characteristic of stratified epithelium?

Answer 45

layered

Question 46

where is stratified squamous found?

Answer 46

surface of skin and external orifices

Question 47

what are the 5 layers of stratified squamous?

Answer 47

1. basale 2. spinosum 3. granulosum 4. lucidum 5. corneum

Question 48

what are the cells that make up stratified squamous?

Answer 48

keratinocytes

Question 49

what is the protective layer on the surface made of keratin?

Answer 49

stratum corneum