lymphatic system

Question 1

how does lymph differ from plasma?

Answer 1

lymph contains white blood cells

Question 2

lymph might carry __________ from a site of infection and ______ cells from cancerous tissue.

Answer 2

bacteria
tumor

Question 3

why can we see lymph after a high fat meal?

Answer 3

in the gut, the lymph is rich in lipids

Question 4

why prevents backflow in lymph?

Answer 4

valves

Question 5

where does lymph get filtered at?

Answer 5

lymph nodes

Question 6

what vessels join to form larger lymph vessels?

Answer 6

efferent

Question 7

where does lymph ultimately drain into that empties into the cranial vena cava and mixes with the blood stream?

Answer 7

thoracic duct

Question 8

what is the primary lymphoid organ that T lymphocytes originate from?

Answer 8

thymus

Question 9

what is the primary lymphoid organ which generates T and B lymphocytes and macrophages?

Answer 9

bone marrow

Question 10

list secondary lymphoid organs

Answer 10

GALT, BALT, MALT (tonsils, adenoids), spleen, lymph nodes

Question 11

Except for the thymus, lymphocytes in all these organs are organized into nodular structures called ________ or they can be found dispersed diffusely in the organ/tissue

Answer 11

follicles

Question 12

what part of the thymus do mature T lymphocytes reside?

Answer 12

cortex

Question 13

what part of the thymus do immature T lymphocytes reside?

Answer 13

medulla

Question 14

what cells make up the framework of lymphoid organs?

Answer 14

stromal cells

Question 15

In the thymus, the stromal cells called _________________ form whorls called “______________”.

Answer 15

epithelial reticular cells,
Hassal’s corpuscles

Question 16

Hassal’s corpuscles are apparent in the medulla of thymus from older animals as the thymus ________

Answer 16

atrophies

Question 17

what are examples of secondary lymphoid organs?

Answer 17

lymph nodes and spleen

Question 18

what is the cortex of the lymph nodes filled with?

Answer 18

follicles

Question 19

what do the follicles have of the lymph node that is made of mature B lymphocytes?

Answer 19

mantle zone

Question 20

the inner core of the follicles of lymph nodes have what that is made of immature B lymphocytes?

Answer 20

germinal center

Question 21

in the cortex of lymph nodes, how are the T cells distributed in non-follicular regions?

Answer 21

parafollicular zone

Question 22

what is the medulla of the lymph nodes composed of?

Answer 22

cords and sinuses

Question 23

list the path lymph filters through lymph nodes

Answer 23

outer regions of lymph nodes -> medulla -> efferent lymph vessels

Question 24

what is the purpose of the spleen?

Answer 24

site where all RBCs that reach the end of their lifespan are recycled

Question 25

true or false: the spleen has a cortex and medulla

Answer 25

false

Question 26

true or false: the spleen has follicles (made of B lymphocytes) that are evenly distributed in the spleen

Answer 26

true

Question 27

Splenic blood vessels are encapsulated by ______________ and form “____________________”.

Answer 27

T lymphocytes, periarteriolar lymphatic sheaths or PALS

Question 28

what does the central arteriole divide and give rise to?

Answer 28

penicillar arterioles

Question 29

list the flow of blood in the spleen

Answer 29

arteries -> central arteriole -> penicillar arteriole -> sinusoidal capillaries -> splenic venules and veins

Question 30

in the splenic sinuses, what digest the RBCs and recycle iron?

Answer 30

macrophages that sit on splenic cords

Question 31

what is the region of the spleen where lymphocytes are present?

Answer 31

white pulp

Question 32

what part of the spleen is of the splenic sinuses where there are RBCs?

Answer 32

red pulp

Question 33

what is the lymphocyte aggregation called particularly in the ileum of the small intestine?

Answer 33

peyer's patches

Question 34

what is the lymphocyte aggregation called particularly surrounding larger airways in the lungs?

Answer 34

BALT