Blood and immune 3 Flashcards
(29 cards)
antibody variable region
amino acid side chains in variable region
genetic mechanism that creates random DNA molecules for many antigens
Granulocytes
Neutrophil
Eosinophil
Basophil
Granules in the cytoplasm
Agranulocytes
Lymphocyte
Monocyte
Platelet
monocyte precursor to
Osteoclasts and macrophages
Platelets precursore
Megakaryocytes
Neutrophil
receptors on the surface with randomised antigen binding surfaces that can recognise anything non self(common bactera)
ripd if bacteria mutates
Lymph vessels have valves
ff
complement attack
Complement attack - Bacteria tagged with Ig can be destroyed by plasma molecules collectively called the complement system.
Antibody functions
ENHANCE PHAGOCTYOSIS
Binds viral binding sites; coats bacteria to prevent binding and or opsonization
Agglutination - cross link
precipitation of soluble antigens
CELL LYSIS complement fixation (activation of complement)
Memory
Lymph nodes get bigger as lymphocyte clones expand and multiply
the clonal expansion of antigen specific lymphocytes in lymph nodes
Lymphocyte clones stay bigger after exposed.
Purifying immune system
Centrifugation
Cell sorting
Laboratory cell culture
protein purification
Fluoresence activated cell sorter
Scatters light, so you can sort white blood cells
Inbred mice
kill immune system with radiation
injecting lymph restores immune system
Phagocytes
Neutrophils and monocytes(macrophages)
cells that can digest other cells
Lymphocytes
B Cells and T cells
Mostly located in lymph nodes
entirely responsible for the specific immune recognition pathogens
B cells
Each B cell is genetically programmed to encode a surface receptor for a particular antigen. Having recognised the antigen the B cells multiply and transform into plasma cells, which make specific antibody for that antigen.
T cells
Express antigen specific T-cell receptor molecules.
T helper cells - assist and control B-cell expansion.
memory
T cytotoxic cells - kill virus infected cells
phases of phagocyte
Bacteria is recognised Ingested into phagosome fused inside cell with lysosome RIP Residue exocytosis
Macrophages
Phagocytes
Blood monocytes circulate for ~5-8 days before migrating into tissue and developing into macrophages and sit there
Recognise crude features of bacteria etc. or bound antibody
present or display antigen called MHC class 2 (ie advertise kill) and migrate to lymph nodes where they are read by T cells
Immune system repertoire
The immune system database or memory bank of all the shapes of all possible foreign molecules
differnt antibodies and different T cell receptors
How do white blood cells move through blood vessels
they are known to move along the surface of the blood vessel which allows them to tell what is happening on the other side
What type of stem cells are all leukocytes derived from?
Hemopoietic stem cells
neighbourhood watch
Macrophages Mast cells (inflammation)
Patrol
T lymphocytes
B lymphocytes
Antibody molecules
