Blood and Immunology

Question 1

What are the three parts of whole blood when centrifuged? Know composition and percentage of each part

Answer 1

Plasma -55%
Leukocytes and platelets ( buffy coat/ white blood cells) - <1%
Erythrocytes( red blood cells) - 45%

Question 2

composed of water, but contains proteins, ions, antibodies, wastes, hormones

Answer 2

Blood plasma

Question 3

Formed elements is

Answer 3

thrombocytes,(platelets) erythrocytes, (rbc) leukocytes,( wbc)

Question 4

Formed elements are all derived from the same

Answer 4

hematopoietic stem cell

Question 5

Hematopoietic stem cell
hematopoietic progenitor
myeloid
monocyte

Answer 5

macrophage

Question 6

Identify RBC, by their special characteristics. What are the major functional roles of each type?

Answer 6

Characteristics: Red blood cells are disc-shaped cells without a nucleus, containing hemoglobin molecules.
Major functional roles:
carry respiratory gases, inhaled oxygen from lungs to the tissue, and carbon dioxide from the tissue to the lungs for exhalation.

Question 7

Identify platelets(thrombocytes) , by their special characteristics. What are the major functional roles of each type?

Answer 7

come from bone marrow, broken off peices of a large cell, megakaryocyte
Major functional roles:
Blood Clotting, causing blood vessel to break and blood to espace

Question 8

Identify all white blood cells by their special characteristics. What are the major functional roles of each type?

Answer 8

2 groups, granules and agranular
granular- neutrophil
Immune Response: White blood cells are key components of the immune system, defending the body against infectious agents such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi.

Question 9

Understand the cell-lines involved in the production of different cell types

Answer 9

Erythropoiesis is the process of red blood cell production.
Thrombopoiesis is the process of platelet production.
Leukopoiesis is the process of white blood cell production, which involves several distinct cell lines.
Granulopoi

Question 10

involved in to fight off parasite infection
-pink
-cause asthma
-2 lobe
-red granules

Answer 10

eosinophils,

Question 11

involved in allergic reaction
-purple
-least common

Answer 11

Basophils

Question 12

Most numerous white blood cell, they are phagocytes
-3 lobes, at least
purple

Answer 12

neutrophils

Question 13

Phagocytes that can move into other tissue and become macrophages
-cashew/kidney
-no granules

Answer 13

monocytes

Question 14

different into many variation, they form part of our adaptive immune system
Large nucleus

Answer 14

lymphocytes

Question 15

Define the four blood types of the of the ABO blood group system.

Answer 15

A, B, AB, O

Question 16

A

Answer 16

Antigen - A
Antibody- B
Compatible- Can receive blood from type A and type O donors; can donate blood to type A and type AB recipients.

Question 17

Bloodtype -B

Answer 17

Antigen B antigen
Antibodies- Anti-A antibodies
Compatibility: Can receive blood from type B and type O donors; can donate blood to type B and type AB

Question 18

AB

Answer 18

Antigens -(both A and B)
Antibodies -lack both)
Compatibility: Universal recipient (can receive blood from all blood types); can only donate blood to type AB recipients.

Question 19

O

Answer 19

Antigens-neitherA,B)
Antibodies - A, B
Compatibility: Universal donor (can donate blood to all blood types); can only receive blood from type O donors

Question 20

How does the Rh blood group system effect type? Who is the most affected by this system?

Answer 20

Individuals who have the Rh antigen present on their RBCs are Rh-positive (Rh+), while those who lack the Rh antigen are Rh-negative (Rh-). The presence or absence of the Rh antigen is inherited independently of the ABO blood group system.

Question 21

What is agglutination and when does it occur?

Answer 21

agglutination specifically refers to the clumping of red blood cells (RBCs) due to the interaction between antibodies and antigens on their surfaces.
Agglutination occurs when antibodies in the plasma of a person (recipient) react with specific antigens present on the surface of red blood cells from another person (donor)

Question 22

What disease is related to a blood cell shaped like a sickle? What causes it and how does affect a person?

Answer 22

The disease related to blood cells shaped like a sickle is called sickle cell disease (SCD), also known as sickle cell anemia. It is a genetic disorder characterized by abnormal hemoglobin molecules in red blood cells (RBCs), leading to the distinctive sickle shape of the cells. (Anemia, Organ Damage, Infections, )

Question 23

Identify the structure of immunoglobin(antibody). Know the five class, their primary function, where they are made/found

Answer 23

M, G, A, E, D,

Question 24

responsible for early stages of immunity and may be on the surface of B cell or secreted into the blood

Answer 24

M

Question 25

passes through the placental barrier to the fetus and is secreted by plasma in the blood,helps with RH

Answer 25

G

Question 26

protects against pathogens and is found in tears, saliva, mucous, and breast milk

Answer 26

A

Question 27

involved in the allergic response and protection against parasitic worms

Answer 27

E

Question 28

activities mast cells and basophils and is found on the B cell receptors

Answer 28

D

Question 29

When and how does blood coagulation/clotting happen, and is it harmful or beneficial? Understand the simplified cascade in the process of blood coagulation

Answer 29

When a blood vessel is injured, the coagulation cascade is initiated to form a blood clot, which seals the wound and stops bleeding.

Question 30

What can occur if clotting happens too easily? What disease involves clotting factors that are missing, causing uncontrolled bleeding ?

Answer 30

If a person forms clots too easily it may lead to a blood clot forming and traveling to the brain (stroke) or to the lung ( pulmonary embolism), both of which can be fatal or cause major impairment. If they have a genetic disease called hemophilia, they lack the properties to form a clot. This causes uncontrolled bleeding which can also be life-threatening.

Question 31

CDA helper lymphocytes cells are attacked by

Answer 31

HIV

Question 32

remember pathogens that made you sick

Answer 32

Memory B-cell