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bio 104 > Cardiovascular Physiology II > Flashcards

Cardiovascular Physiology II Flashcards

1
Q

One way valves
-bring blood to the heart
-under low pressure
-thin smooth muscle lining
-thin walls, larger lumen

A

Veins

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2
Q

Transport blood away from the heart towards capillaries ,
-thick wall with many layers of elastic fibers
-Pressure reservoirs
-No valve
-thick smooth muscle lining
-Under high pressure

A

Arteries

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3
Q

smallest blood vessel in the body
-thin walls allow for diffusion
permeate every part of out body to deliver oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and remove waste

A

capillaries

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4
Q

skeletal muscle pump

A

one way valves

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5
Q

bicarbonate equation

A

CO2+H20⇌H2CO3⇌H+HCO−3
​In words, carbon dioxide (CO2) reacts with water (H2O) to form carbonic acid (H2CO3), which then dissociates into a hydrogen ion (H+) and bicarbonate ion (HCO3-).

​

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6
Q

Only 2% of Blank is diffused as gas in the Blank Blank, and 98% of Blank is transported in the blood attached to the Blank of the red blood cell.

A

O2, blood plasma
O2, hemoglobin

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7
Q

When oxygen is being used by the cell, the O2 level in the blood is Blank and the CO2 level

A

decreasing
increasing

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8
Q

Blank neurons increase the heart rate by releasing norephedrine

A

sympathetic

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9
Q

As the CO2 level in the blood Blank the blood becomes more blank ( the pH of the blood decreases )

A

increase,
acidic

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10
Q

Blank neurons secrete acetylcholine to decrease heart rate

A

parasympathetic

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11
Q

how oxygen levels affect blood pH

A

helps regulate the pH of blood by balancing the concentrations of carbonic acid and bicarbonate ions, which can absorb excess hydrogen ions (H+) to prevent large changes in pH.

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12
Q

Normal heart rate in adults, athletes, and newborns

A

adult-60-100 bpm
athletes-40bpm
newborn -120-160bpm

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13
Q

tachycardia

A

too fast, over 100 bpm

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14
Q

bradycardia

A

under 60, to slow

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15
Q

Target Heart Rate

A

allows you to monitor your exercise intensity and adjust the intensity

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16
Q

What are the two heart sounds called, what causes them, and when do they occur?

A

systole -lub, before, when the av slam closed
diastole-dub- before, pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves slam closed

17
Q

Blood Pressure

A

Measure the pressure of the blood in arteries during the systolic and diastolic phases of a cardiac cycle

18
Q

, define korotoff sounds

A

The pressure read on the gauge at the exact point when a korotkoff sounds begins makes the systolic blood pressure,and when it stop becomes dystole

19
Q

How is reported blood pressure written?

A

Systolic /Diastolic
Hear Korotkoff sounds/ Sound cease
high/ low

20
Q

> 120/80

A

normal

21
Q

120-129/>80

A

elevated

22
Q

130-139/80-89

A

high blood pressure/hypotension

23
Q

<140/90

A

high blood pressure, hypertension stage 2

24
Q

<180/120

A

hypertensive crisis

25
Q

Define hypertension and identify some physiological effect when it is uncontrolled

A

potentially life-threatening consequences affecting multiple organ systems,

26
Q

<90/60, reduced blood flow to vital organs (including the brain, heart, and kidneys), which may result in organ dysfunction or damage if left untreated.

A

hypotension
identify some condition

27
Q

Is the volume in milliliter that is pumped by the heart per unit of time (per minute) (HR X Stroke Volume )

A

Cardiac output

28
Q

volume of blood pumped from the left ventricle in one beat

A

stroke volume,

29
Q

Pre-load is the end-diastolic volume at the start of systole and is directly linked to the level of stretch of the myocardial sarcomeres. Afterload is the measure of resistance the ventricle must overcome in order to empty its contents

A

Frank Starling Law of the heart,

30
Q

How does exercise change cardiac output and organ perfusion

A

During exercise, cardiac output increases significantly to meet the increased metabolic demands of active muscles and other tissues. During exercise, blood flow is redistributed to meet the increased metabolic demands of exercising muscles.

31
Q

MAP/Resting cardiac output

A

TPR, total peripheral resistance

​

32
Q

difference between the systolic and diastolic pressure

A

pulse pressure , mmHG

33
Q

diastolic pressure + 1/3 pulse pressure

A

Mean Arterial Pressure = MAP

34
Q

resting heart rate x stroke volume

A

resting HR Cardiac Output

35
Q

% exercise intensity ( 220-age-resting heart rate) + resting heart rate

A

Target Heart Rate

36
Q

What is louder, dub or lub

A

dub

bio 104 (13 decks)

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