Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology > Blood And Organs > Flashcards

Blood And Organs Flashcards

1
Q

What are the Blood main components?

A
  • Plasma
  • Platelets
  • Red Blood Cells
  • White Blood Cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What does Plasma transport and carry around the body?

A
  • Red and White Blood Cells, Platelets
  • Digested food products (glucose) from gut to body cells
  • Carbon dioxide from cells to lungs
  • Urea from liver to kidneys
  • Hormones - chemical messengers
  • Heat energy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How do Platelets help blood clot?

A
  • They clump together to plug the damaged area - blood clotting
  • Stop you losing blood and prevent microorganisms entering wound
  • Held together by fibrin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the structure of a Red Blood Cell and what does it transport?

A
  • Small and Biconcave shape to give large SA for absorbing and releasing oxygen
  • Don’t have nucleus so can carry more oxygen
  • Transport oxygen from lungs to all cells in body
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are Pathogens?

A
  • Microorganisms that cause disease(bacteria/viruses)

* They enter your body and reproduce rapidly unless destroyed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the types of White Blood Cells?

A
  • Phagocytes

* Lymphocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How do Phagocytes ingest Pathogens?

A
  • Detect things that are foreign to body (pathogens)

* They engulf pathogens and digest them

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How do Lymphocytes produce Antibodies?

A
  • When come across foreign antigen they produce antibodies (protein)
  • They lock on to invading pathogen and mark them out for destruction by other WBCs
  • Antibodies produces rapidly and flow round body to mark all similar pathogens
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How do Vaccinations protect you from future infections?

A
  • Vaccination is injecting dead pathogen into body, these carry antigens, they trigger immune response, lymphocytes produce antibodies to attack them
  • Memory Cells will be produced also and remain in blood, so if live pathogens of same type appear, the antibodies to kill them are produced much faster and bigger
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the types of Blood Vessel?

A
  • Arteries
  • Capillaries
  • Veins
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the function of the Arteries?

A

Carry blood away from the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the function of the Capillaries?

A
  • Carry blood close to every cell to exchange substances with them
  • Supply food and oxygen, take away wastes (Carbon dioxide)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the function of the Veins?

A

Carry blood to the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the structure of a Artery?

A
  • Strong and elastic walls - heart pumps blood out at high pressure
  • Elastic fibres allow arteries to expand
  • Thick walls compared to lumen, Contain think layers of muscle to make them strong
  • Largest artery = Aorta
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the structure of Capillaries?

A
  • Really tiny
  • Permeable walls - substances can diffuse in and out
  • Walls only one cell thick - increases rate of diffusion by decreasing over which it happens
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the structure of Veins?

A
  • Not thick walls - blood at lower pressure
  • Big lumen - help blood flow despite lower pressure
  • Valves - help keep blood flowing in right direction
  • Largest Vein = vena cava
17
Q

How does exercise increase heart rate?

A
  • Exercise increases amount of carbon dioxide in blood
  • High levels of blood CO2, detected by receptors in aorta and artery
  • These receptors send signals to brain
  • Brain sends signals to heart, causing it to contract more frequently with more force
18
Q

How does the Hormonal System help control heart rate?

A
  • When organism threatened, the adrenal glands release adrenaline
  • Adrenaline binds to receptors in heart, causes cardiac muscle to contract more frequently with more force and heart pumps more blood
  • This increases oxygen supply to tissues
19
Q

How is blood pumped around body from Heart?

A
  • Right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from body
  • Moves to right ventricle which pumps it to lungs via pulmonary vein
  • Left atrium recieves oxygenated blood from lungs
  • Oxygenated blood moves to left ventricle which pumps it round whole body via aorta
  • Left ventricle much thicker wall than right ventricle, needs more muscle to pump blood round body, right ventricle only needs to pump to lungs
  • Valves prevent back flow of blood
20
Q

What is Pulmonary to do with?

A

The lungs

21
Q

What is Hepatic to do with?

A

The liver

22
Q

What is Renal to do with?

A

The kidneys

23
Q

What is Coronary Heart Disease?

A
  • Coronary arteries that supply blood to the muscle of heart get blocked by layers of fatty material building up
  • Cause arteries to be narrow, blood flow restricted and lack of oxygen to heart muscle which can lead to a heart attack
24
Q

What are the factors that can lead to Coronary Heart Disease?

A
  • Having diet high in saturated fat - fatty deposits forming inside arteries
  • Smoking - increases blood pressure, damage inside of coronary arteries
  • Inactiveness - high blood pressure, damages lining of arteries, fatty deposits form
25
Q

What are the main roles of the Kidneys?

A
  • Removal of urea from blood
  • Adjustment of ion levels in blood
  • Adjustment of water content of blood
26
Q

Where and how is Urea produced?

A
  • In liver

* From excess amino acids

27
Q

What is Ultrafiltration?

A
  • Blood from renal artery flows through glomerulus
  • High pressure built up which squeezes water, urea, ions, glucose out of blood into Bowman’s Capsule
  • Membranes between blood vessels act like filters , big molecules (proteins,blood cells) not squeezed out, stay in blood
28
Q

What substances are Reabsorbed into blood as filtrate flows along nephron?

A
  • Glucose from proximal convoluted tubule so can be used in Respiration, involves active transport against concentration gradient
  • Sufficient ions
  • Sufficient water from collecting duct into bloodstream by osmosis
29
Q

How is water lost from the body?

A
  • Sweating
  • Breathing
  • Peeing
30
Q

What is Osmoregulation?

A

The balance of water coming in against the water going out

31
Q

How do the kidneys adjust the body’s water content?

A
  • Adjust amount of water that’s excreted by kidneys in urine

* When kidneys reabsorb more water, urine has smaller volume and is more concentrated

32
Q

How does ADH help control water content?

A
  • ADH makes collecting ducts of nephrons more permeable so more water is reabsorbed back into the blood
  • Brain monitors the water content of blood and instructs pituitary gland to release ADH into blood
  • If water content is not right then mechanism triggered to bring to back to normal
33
Q

If water content too low how do you get water content normal?

A
  • Brain detects water loss
  • Pituitary gland releases more ADH
  • ADH makes kidney reabsorb more water
  • Now hydrated
34
Q

If water content too high how do you get water content normal?

A
  • Brain detects water gain
  • Pituitary gland releases less ADH
  • Less ADH means kidney reabsorbs less water
  • Now hydrated

Biology (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions